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Field and laboratory study of cracking and safety of secondary lining for an existing highway tunnel in loess ground

机译：黄土地区既有公路隧道二次衬砌开裂与安全的现场试验研究。

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Lining cracking is a common distress for most existing highway tunnels in loess ground, and the development of such distress will directly affect the operation and service life of the tunnel. This paper studied the deformation evolution laws, cracking mechanism and failure process of the secondary lining for an existing highway tunnel in loess ground by carrying out field investigations and laboratory model tests. To simulate the field loading conditions more realistically, a 1: 10 large-scale test platform was developed and the loads acting on the lining model were determined according to the field measured pressure data. The statistical analysis of field tunnel distress indicates that the vault cracks more seriously than the sidewalls. The model test results show that the deformation and failure process of lining structure can be divided into three stages with two dividing points of vault cracking and inverted arch cracking. The intrados of vault and extrados of arch foot crack by tension, whereas the intrados of sidewall cracks owing to the high localized compression. The vault cracks first and exhibits the most serious cracking. Moreover, critical cracking zone is formed in vault, which finally makes the entire structure lose its load carrying capacity. Test results were compared with the characterization of field tunnel distress to validate their reliability, and conclusions regarding the safety assessment of studied tunnel sections were developed based on the comparison. The methods and findings of this study can serve as useful references for optimal design and long-term safety of tunnel structures.
机译：衬砌开裂是大多数黄土地区现有公路隧道的常见困扰，这种困扰的发展将直接影响隧道的运营和使用寿命。通过实地调查和室内模型试验，研究了黄土地区某公路隧道二次衬砌的变形演化规律，开裂机理和破坏过程。为了更真实地模拟现场载荷条件，开发了1:10大型测试平台，并根据现场测得的压力数据确定了作用在衬砌模型上的载荷。现场隧道遇险情况的统计分析表明，拱顶比侧壁更严重地开裂。模型试验结果表明，衬砌结构的变形和破坏过程可以分为三个阶段，两个阶段分别是拱形裂纹和倒拱形裂纹。拱顶的内拱和足弓的外拱由于张力而开裂，而侧壁的拱内的拱门是由于高局部压缩而产生的。穹顶首先破裂，并表现出最严重的破裂。而且，在拱顶上形成了临界裂纹区，最终使整个结构失去了承载能力。将测试结果与现场隧道遇险特征进行比较，以验证其可靠性，并在比较的基础上得出有关研究隧道断面安全性评估的结论。这项研究的方法和发现可以为隧道结构的最佳设计和长期安全性提供有用的参考。

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