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Main aspects of deformation and rock support in Norwegian road tunnels

机译：挪威公路隧道的变形和岩石支撑的主要方面

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摘要

The general geology of Norway makes most of its tunnels to be constructed mainly in strong rock intersected by weakness zones of different sizes and characteristics. The Norwegian support tradition is, to the largest degree as possible, to reinforce the rock to make it self-bearing. In weak rock, this reinforcement has been accomplished by using bolts, sprayed concrete and ribs of reinforced concrete (RRS). RRS are normally designed with 6 rebars mounted on brackets that are attached to rock bolts with a center to center distance of 1.5 m covered in sprayed concrete. The spacing between the RRS in the tunnel direction is usually 1-3 m. In recent years, the application of RRS has gradually changed from following the blasted tunnel profile that formed unarched RRS that reinforced the rock to using RRS with an arched design that supports the rock. Following this development was an increase in the use of materials, as the amount of sprayed concrete used is now considerably larger and the rebar diameter changed from 16 to 20 mm. This change has also caused an abrupt increase in the support measures used for decreasing rock quality, from simple reinforcement by bolts and sprayed concrete to load-bearing arches. The authors believe that a more gradual transition is logical and this article will discuss and evaluate the current Norwegian support strategy by reviewing international theory, performing parameter analysis and presenting data from current and previous Norwegian road tunnels, with a focus on rock mass quality and deformations. It is concluded that arched RRS is not necessary for all cases where it is used today, and that evaluation of the need for load bearing arched RRS should be based on deformation considerations. Norwegian conditions comprise the basis for the discussion, but the problem at hand is also of general interest for hard rock tunnelling conditions.
机译：挪威的一般地质情况使得其大部分隧道主要在坚固的岩石中建造，这些岩石被大小和特征各异的弱点相交。挪威的支持传统是在最大程度上加强岩石以使其具有自承性。在弱岩石中，这种加固是通过使用螺栓，喷射混凝土和钢筋混凝土肋（RRS）来完成的。 RRS通常设计为在支架上安装6个钢筋，这些钢筋连接到锚杆上，中心距中心距离1.5 m，用喷射混凝土覆盖。 RRS在隧道方向上的间距通常为1-3 m。近年来，RRS的应用已逐渐从遵循形成岩石的无拱形RRS的爆破隧道剖面转向采用支撑岩石的拱形设计的RRS。随着这种发展，材料的使用有所增加，因为现在喷射的混凝土用量大大增加，钢筋直径从16毫米变为20毫米。这种变化还导致用于降低岩石质量的支撑措施突然增加，从通过螺栓和喷射混凝土的简单加固到承重拱门。作者认为，更渐进的过渡是合乎逻辑的，本文将通过回顾国际理论，进行参数分析并提供当前和以前挪威公路隧道的数据来讨论和评估当前的挪威支持策略，重点是岩体质量和变形。结论是，拱形RRS并非在今天使用的所有情况下都是必需的，并且对承载式拱形RRS的需求的评估应基于变形的考虑。挪威的条件构成了讨论的基础，但是眼前的问题也是硬岩隧道条件普遍关注的问题。

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  • 来源
    《Tunnelling and underground space technology》 |2019年第4期|262-278|共17页
  • 作者

    Hoien A. H.; Nilsen B.; Olsson R.;

  • 作者单位

    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Sem Saelands Veg 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway|Norwegian Publ Rd Adm, Postboks 8142 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway;

    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Sem Saelands Veg 1, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;

    Norwegian Geotech Inst, POB 3930 Ullevaal Stad, N-0806 Oslo, Norway;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Rock support; Deformations; Road tunnels;

    机译：岩石支撑;变形;道路隧道;

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