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Optical coupling of grouped tunnels to decrease the energy and materials consumption of their lighting installations

机译：分组隧道的光耦合可减少照明设备的能源和材料消耗

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摘要

The increasing improvement of tunnelling technology allows more and more complex tunnels every day. Thus, together with the classical road tunnels through mountains, with lengths generally under two or three of kilo-meters, longer and longer underground roads under rivers and seas, as well as tunnels in geomorphically complex terrains, are being opened continuously. Besides the geotechnical difficulty of these infrastructures, the consumption of their lighting installations in terms of energy and raw materials due to the high number of projectors, total cost and maintenance, are a major concern between public administrations in many countries. In this scenario, there is an especially critical kind of tunnels due to their high energy consumption: the groups of tunnels under very near mountains, that is grouped tunnels separated by opencast roads with lengths about few hundred meters. Due to the special characteristics of the human visual adaptation, whenever one driver leaves one tunnel during daytime (when most displacements take place), his visual system loses adaptation to darker environments, and needs a new threshold zone with high luminance levels when entering a new tunnel even if it begins in just a few meters. This converts grouped tunnels in paradoxical infrastructures: the cost of their lighting installations is much higher than if there were only one tunnel going under the whole mountains chain. In this work, it is proposed an optical coupling of grouped tunnels with translucent red structures to avoid the loss of visual adaptation to weakly illuminated environments and the consequent high demands of lighting levels. The savings with of proposal are presented and compared with the current situation in the groups of tunnels around the world.
机译：隧道技术的不断改进使每天的隧道越来越复杂。因此，与穿过山区的经典公路隧道（长度通常在两到三公里之内），越来越长的河流和海底地下道路以及地貌复杂地形中的隧道一起不断开放。除了这些基础设施的岩土工程困难之外，由于许多投影仪，总成本和维护成本所导致的照明设备在能源和原材料方面的消耗，也是许多国家公共行政部门的主要关注点。在这种情况下，由于其能耗高，因此存在一种特别关键的隧道：在非常近的山脉下的隧道组，即成组的隧道，由长约几百米的露天道路隔开。由于人类视觉适应性的特殊特性，白天每当一名驾驶员离开一条隧道时（发生大多数位移时），他的视觉系统就会失去对较暗环境的适应性，并且在进入新驾驶员时需要一个具有高亮度水平的新阈值区域即使仅几米之遥的隧道。这改变了矛盾的基础设施中成组的隧道：它们的照明设备的成本比整个山脉中只有一条隧道要高得多。在这项工作中，提出了具有半透明红色结构的成组隧道的光耦合，以避免对弱照明环境的视觉适应性丧失以及随之而来的对照明水平的高要求。提出了节省的费用，并与世界各地隧道的现状进行了比较。

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