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Evaluation of installation timing of initial ground support for large-span tunnel in hard rock

机译：硬岩大跨度隧道初期地面支架安装时机评估

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摘要

In conventional drill and blast tunnelling, initial ground support is placed immediately after the current round is shot before excavation of the next round (i.e. one-round installation method). When tunnelling in hard rock, one round installation of initial ground support conservatively ensures tunnel integrity, but meanwhile brings up other problems such as over-break at tunnel face, slow excavation rate and so forth. In this study, a large-span tunnel in Class III hard rock was monitored by a network of sensors to investigate tunnel internal forces in three construction scenarios where initial ground supports were placed in different timing and sequence: (1) initial ground support installed immediately after current round (2) support installed after two rounds (3) support installed after three consecutive rounds. The collected field measurements together with construction records were evaluated from three aspects: structural stability, constructability and cost-effectiveness. Results show that the installation of initial ground support after two rounds generally led to the most regular and minimum tunnel internal forces of the three construction scenarios, whilst it managed to minimize under & over-break and allow more space for construction convenience. In the meanwhile, this installation sequence significantly accelerated tunnel advance rate at lower material cost.
机译：在常规的钻探和爆破隧道中，在下一轮的挖掘之前（即一轮安装方法），在当前一轮射击之后立即放置初始地面支撑。在硬岩中开挖时，保守地进行一轮初始地面支撑可以确保隧道的完整性，但同时也会带来其他问题，例如隧道面超挖，开挖速度慢等。在这项研究中，通过传感器网络对III类硬岩中的大跨度隧道进行了监测，以调查在三种施工方案中的隧道内力，在三种施工方案中，初始地面支撑物的放置时间和顺序不同：（1）立即安装初始地面支撑物当前回合之后（2）在两轮之后安装了支持（3）在连续三轮之后安装了支持。从三个方面评估了收集的现场测量结果和施工记录：结构稳定性，可施工性和成本效益。结果表明，两轮后安装初始地面支撑通常会导致三种施工方案中最规则和最小的隧道内力，同时设法最大程度地减少过冲和过冲，并留出更多空间以方便施工。同时，这种安装顺序以较低的材料成本显着提高了隧道的推进速度。

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