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Punching fracture mechanism and strength formula of early-age shotcrete

机译：冲压骨折机制和早期射击力的强度公式

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摘要

In tunnel construction, shotcrete is sprayed on excavated surfaces to strengthen the walls and prevent rocks from falling off the tunnel face. Soon after, workers enter the face to erect the steel arch support. However, before entering, they must know the maximum rock size supported by the early-age shotcrete. This study aims to reveal the resistance and fracture mechanism of early-age shotcrete when a rock exfoliated from the tunnel face punches through shotcrete. To this end, we developed a novel experimental apparatus in which the strength deformation characteristics of shotcrete were evaluated through a laser scanner by punching a disc rock against the shotcrete on the substrate rock. The punching experiment was simulated, and the fracture mechanism was revealed using the discrete element method. The stress state of shotcrete sequentially reached the tensile failure criterion at the elements adjacent to the edge of the loaded zone. The elements of shotcrete progressively failed at the fracture process zone with punching. Finally, the punching strength of early-age shotcrete was formulated based on its fracture mechanism.
机译：在隧道施工中，喷射在挖掘表面上喷洒，以加强墙壁，防止岩石从隧道面上掉落。不久之后，工人进入面部竖立钢拱的支持。但是，在进入之前，他们必须知道早期射击镜的最大岩石尺寸。本研究旨在揭示早期吸尘器抗隧道孔穿过喷射器的岩石的抗性和断裂机制。为此，我们开发了一种新型实验装置，其中通过激光扫描仪通过冲压靠在衬底岩上的喷射器的激光扫描仪来评估吸尘器的强度变形特性。模拟冲压实验，使用离散元件方法揭示了断裂机制。喷射的应力状态顺序地达到与装载区域的边缘相邻的元件处的拉伸失效标准。喷射器逐渐失效，在带冲孔的裂缝过程区域失败。最后，基于其骨折机制配制了早期吸痰的冲压强度。

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