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首页> 外文期刊>Tunnelling and underground space technology >A hard rock tunnel case study: Characterization of the water-bearing fracture system for tunnel grouting
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A hard rock tunnel case study: Characterization of the water-bearing fracture system for tunnel grouting

机译：硬岩隧道案例研究：隧道注浆含水裂缝系统的特征

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摘要

Grouting is a common method for reducing water inflow in tunneling projects in hard rock. A good grouting design should be adapted to the water-bearing fracture system in the rock mass. The aim of this work is to present a case study using relevant parameters, to suggest a combination of tests to provide them, and to show how a conceptual model of the water-bearing fracture system can be chosen based on them. The case study, to which the proposed methodology has been applied, is a section of the TASS tunnel at 450 m depth in crystalline rock in Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. In this tunnel project an extensive number of tests provided a fine opportunity for analysis and discussions. A set of functional parameters to describe the rock mass for grouting purposes has been suggested. These are: the hydraulic head h; the hydraulic apertures b of the fractures; fracture frequency P_(10); the number and orientation of the major fracture sets; and the flow dimension Dq. A set of investigation methods is suggested, aimed at providing the necessary information for high-precision tunnel projects with strict inflow requirements such as the tunnel project studied. Based on these parameters, it is suggested that a conceptual model of the water-bearing fracture system in the rock mass should be chosen. It is shown how this was done in the case study, first in the investigation stage and then an update in the construction stage. Possible ways to adapt the grouting design to the conceptual model are suggested. Selective grouting may be considered for a rock mass with a 2D fracture system, one dominating water-bearing fracture set, when the tunnel orientation is close to perpendicular to this set. For rock mass with a 3D fracture system, two or more water-bearing fracture sets, systematic grouting may be preferable to avoid "moving the water leakage" from one tunnel section to a neighboring section. When the tunnel intersects a fracture zone the focus should be on sealing this zone.
机译：灌浆是减少硬岩隧道工程中水流入的常用方法。好的注浆设计应适合岩体中的含水裂缝系统。这项工作的目的是提供一个使用相关参数的案例研究，以提出组合测试以提供这些参数，并展示如何根据这些参数选择含水裂缝系统的概念模型。所应用的方法论的案例研究是位于瑞典Aspo Hard Rock实验室的TASS隧道在结晶岩深450 m处的一部分。在这个隧道项目中，大量测试为分析和讨论提供了很好的机会。已经提出了一组用于描述注浆目的岩体的功能参数。它们是：液压头h;裂缝的水力孔b；断裂频率P_（10）；主要裂缝组的数量和方向；和流动尺寸Dq。提出了一套调查方法，旨在为具有严格入水要求的高精度隧道工程（如所研究的隧道工程）提供必要的信息。根据这些参数，建议应选择岩体中含水裂缝系统的概念模型。在案例研究中显示了如何完成此操作，首先是在调查阶段，然后是构建阶段的更新。建议将注浆设计与概念模型相适应的可能方法。当隧道方向接近垂直于该裂缝的二维裂缝系统时，可以考虑对其中一个主要含水裂缝组的2D裂隙岩体进行选择性灌浆。对于具有3D裂缝系统，两个或多个含水裂缝组的岩体，系统灌浆可能是优选的，以避免“漏水”从一个隧道段移至相邻段。当隧道与裂缝区域相交时，重点应放在密封该区域。

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