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Principles of ultrasound elastography

机译：超声弹性成像原理

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Many manufacturers of ultrasound systems offer elastography capabilities. Though the research literature describesntechniques involving external actuators, commercial systems have preferred to adopt techniques that may be used with ansingle transducer. Techniques may be divided into those which measure strain and those which measure shear wave velocity.nStrain elastography involves deformation of the tissue followed by imaging of the degree of compression or extension of thentissue. Strain elastography does not estimate tissue stiffness; however, the strain ratio may be used as a surrogate index ofnstiffness. Shear wave elastography provides true quantitative information on elastic modulus. This involves induction of shearnwaves, estimation of shear wave velocity cs and conversion to elastic modulus E using the equation E ¼ 3rcsn2nwhere r is thendensity. The description of tissues as being purely elastic is simplistic. In practice they may also exhibit time-dependentnviscous behaviour. Recent literature describe methods that have been developed for estimation of the viscoelastic behaviournfrom the change in strain with time or by estimation of the shear wave dispersion, a technique known as ‘shear wavenspectroscopy’. These methods may become commercially available in the medium term, offering a new quantity (tissuenviscosity) for diagnostic use.
机译：超声系统的许多制造商都提供弹性成像功能。尽管研究文献描述了涉及外部执行器的技术，但是商用系统更喜欢采用可与单个换能器一起使用的技术。技术可以分为测量应变的技术和测量剪切波速度的技术。应变弹性成像涉及组织的变形，然后成像组织的压缩或扩展程度。应变弹性成像不能估计组织的刚度。然而，应变比可以用作刚度的替代指标。剪切波弹性成像可提供有关弹性模量的真实定量信息。这包括感应剪切波，估计剪切波速度cs以及使用方程E¼3rcsn2n转换为弹性模量E，其中r为密度。将组织描述为纯弹性的是简单的。在实践中，它们还可能表现出随时间变化的黏性行为。最近的文献描述了已开发出的方法，该方法可用于根据应变随时间的变化来估计粘弹性行为，或用于估计剪切波频散，该技术称为“剪切波谱法”。这些方法在中期可能会商业化，为诊断用途提供新的数量（组织粘度）。

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