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首页> 外文期刊>Urban ecosystems >Nature of vegetation and building morphology characteristics across a city: Influence on shadow patterns and mean radiant temperatures in London
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Nature of vegetation and building morphology characteristics across a city: Influence on shadow patterns and mean radiant temperatures in London

机译：整个城市的植被性质和建筑形态特征：对伦敦的阴影模式和平均辐射温度的影响

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摘要

Vegetation and building morphology characteristics are investigated at 19 sites on a north-south LiDAR transect across the megacity of London. Local maxima of mean building height and building plan area density at the city centre are evident. Surprisingly, the mean vegetation height (zv3) is also found to be highest in the city centre. From the LiDAR data various morphological parameters are derived as well as shadow patterns. Continuous images of the effects of buildings and of buildings plus vegetationon sky view factor (φ) are derived. A general reduction of φ is found, indicating the importance of including vegetation when deriving φ in urban areas. The contribution of vegetation to the shadowing at ground level is higher during summer than in autumn. Using these 3D data the influence on urban climate and mean radiant temperature (T_(mrt)) is calculated with SOLWEIG. The results from these simulations highlight that vegetation can be most effective at reducing heat stress within dense urban environments in summer. The daytime average T_(mrt), is found to be lowest in the densest urban environments due to shadowing; foremost from buildings but also from trees. It is clearly shown that this method could be used to quantify the influence of vegetation on T_(mrt), within the urban environment. The results presented in this paper highlight a number of possible climate sensitive planning practices for urban areas at the local scale (i.e. 10~2- 5 × 10~3 m).
机译：在横跨伦敦特大城市的南北LiDAR断面的19个地点对植被和建筑物形态特征进行了调查。市中心的平均建筑高度和建筑规划区域密度的局部最大值是明显的。令人惊讶的是，市中心的平均植被高度（zv3）也最高。从LiDAR数据中得出各种形态参数以及阴影图案。得出了建筑物和建筑物的影响以及植被对天空视野因子（φ）的连续图像。发现φ的一般减小，表明在市区获取φ时包括植被的重要性。夏季，植被对地面阴影的贡献高于秋季。使用这些3D数据，通过SOLWEIG计算出对城市气候和平均辐射温度（T_（mrt））的影响。这些模拟的结果表明，在夏季密集的城市环境中，植被可以最有效地减少热应力。由于阴影，白天平均T_（mrt）在最密集的城市环境中最低；最重要的是建筑物，还有树木。清楚地表明，该方法可用于量化城市环境中植被对T_（mrt）的影响。本文介绍的结果重点介绍了一些可能的局部地区城市气候敏感性规划实践（即10〜2〜5×10〜3 m）。

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