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The development of cities and municipalities in Central and Eastern Europe: introduction for a special issue of 'urban research and practice'

机译：中欧和东欧城市的发展：介绍“城市研究与实践”特刊

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摘要

Since the 1990s, local governments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have been confronted by completely new structures and developments. This came after more than 40 years (or even longer in the case of the former Soviet Union) under a socialist regime and behind an iron curtain which isolated them from the non-socialist world. A lack of resources had led to an underinvestment in the refurbishment of older buildings, while relatively cheap 'prefabricated' housing had been built, not only in the outskirts of cities, but also within city centres. A lack of resources had also resulted in the fact that the socialist regimes were generally unable to replace old buildings with 'modern' ones; hence, there is a very rich heritage of historical monuments in many of these cities today. The centrally planned economies and the development of urban structures (including the shifts of population between cities and regions) were determined by ideology, political rationality and the integration of all CEE countries into the production schemes of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and its division of labour by location. The sudden introduction of a market economy, private property, democratic rules, local autonomy for cities and municipalities and access to the global economy and society may be seen as a kind of 'natural experiment'. How would these new conditions shape the national systems of cities and municipalities? Which cities would shrink and which would grow? How would the relationship between core cities and their surrounding municipalities develop? And what would happen within these cities and with their built environment?
机译：自1990年代以来，中欧和东欧（CEE）国家的地方政府面临着全新的结构和发展。这是在40多年来（在前苏联的情况下，甚至更长）在社会主义政权下进行的，而铁幕的背后则是将他们与非社会主义世界隔离开来。缺乏资源导致对旧楼的翻新投资不足，同时建造了相对便宜的“预制”房屋，不仅在城市郊区，而且在市中心。缺乏资源还导致了这样一个事实，即社会主义政权通常无法用“现代”建筑代替旧建筑。因此，当今许多城市都拥有非常丰富的历史古迹遗产。中央计划经济和城市结构的发展（包括城市与地区之间人口的转移）是由意识形态，政治合理性以及所有中东欧国家融入经济互助理事会及其分工计划决定的。按地点劳动。市场经济的突然引入，私有财产，民主规则，城市和市政当局的地方自治以及进入全球经济和社会的机会，可以被视为一种“自然实验”。这些新条件将如何塑造国家城市体系？哪些城市将缩小而哪些城市将增长？核心城市及其周边城市之间的关系将如何发展？在这些城市及其建成的环境中会发生什么？

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  • 来源
    《Urban research & practice》 |2014年第3期|255-257|共3页
  • 作者

    Martin T.W. Rosenfeld; Albrecht Kauffmann;

  • 作者单位

    Research Area Urban Economics, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), Halle (Saale), Germany;

    Research Area Urban Economics, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), Halle (Saale), Germany;

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