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Does traffic congestion influence the location of new business establishments? An analysis of the San Francisco Bay Area

机译：交通拥堵是否会影响新营业场所的位置？旧金山湾区分析

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摘要

Chronic traffic congestion is widely assumed to negatively affect regional economic performance, but this assumption has been only lightly tested. We examine the traffic congestion-economic performance link using data for the San Francisco Bay Area and find that the effect of traffic on the regional economy may be both less significant and more nuanced than is widely assumed. Our analysis examines how traffic congestion affects the location of new business establishments in six industries: advertising, biotechnology, computer systems design, information technology manufacturing, securities, and, as a control, groceries & supermarkets. New business establishments are a key driver of economic performance because they account for the majority of job creation in the USA. We find little evidence that traffic levels affect the location of new establishments in the Bay Area, and when we do observe an effect it is a positive one; that is, after controlling for a wide array of factors known to influence firm location, new firms are often more likely to start up in already congested areas. This does not mean that traffic congestion attracts new firms, but instead that the access advantages new firms accrue from clustering near same-industry firms strongly outweigh the added impedance of traffic congestion in these built-up areas of agglomeration.
机译：人们普遍认为，慢性交通拥堵会对区域经济表现产生负面影响，但这一假设仅经过了轻微检验。我们使用旧金山湾区的数据检查了交通拥堵与​​经济绩效之间的联系，发现交通对区域经济的影响可能不如人们普遍认为的那样重要，而且影响更小。我们的分析研究了交通拥堵如何影响六个行业中新业务场所的位置：广告，生物技术，计算机系统设计，信息技术制造，证券，以及作为控制的杂货和超级市场。新的商业机构是经济绩效的关键驱动力，因为它们在美国创造的就业机会中占了大部分。我们发现几乎没有证据表明交通量会影响海湾地区新设施的位置，而当我们观察到这种影响时，这是积极的。也就是说，在控制了许多已知影响公司位置的因素之后，新公司往往更有可能在已经很拥挤的地区成立。这并不意味着交通拥堵吸引了新的公司，而是在这些集聚的聚集区域中，新公司因聚集在同行业的公司附近而产生的访问优势大大超过了交通拥堵带来的额外阻力。

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