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Conflict resolution in group decision making: insights from a simulation study

机译：团队决策中的冲突解决：来自模拟研究的见解

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An individual's conflict resolution styles can have a large impact on the decision making process of a group. This impact is affected by a variety of factors, such as the group size, the similarity of the group members, and the type of support offered by the recommender system, if the group is using one. Measuring the effect of these factors goes beyond the capability of a live user study. In this article we show that simulation-based experiments can be effectively exploited to analyse the effect of the group members' conflict resolution styles and to help researchers to formulate additional research hypotheses, which could be individually tested in ad hoc user studies. We therefore propose a group discussion procedure that simulates users' actions while trying to make a group decision. The simulated users adopt alternative conflict resolution styles derived from the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Model. The simulation procedure is informed by the analysis of real users' interaction logs with a group discussion support system. Our experiments are conducted on scenarios characterized by four group factors, namely, conflict resolution style, inner-group similarity, interaction length and group size. We demonstrate the effect of these factors on the recommendation quality. This is measured by the loss in the utility obtained by an individual when choosing the recommended group choice rather than his/her individual best choice. We also measure the difference between the highest and lowest utility that the group members obtain, in order to understand the fairness of the group recommendation identified by the system. The experimental results show (among other findings) that if group members have similar tastes then groups composed of users with the competing conflict resolution style obtain the largest utility loss, compared to groups whose members adopt the cooperative styles (accommodating and collaborating), and yet, whatever their conflict resolution styles, there is no distinct difference in their utility for the group choice (they are treated equally). Conversely, when group members have diverse preferences, the average utility loss of competing members is still the largest, but the differences in their utility is the lowest (they all get a similar but lower utility). Some of the findings of our simulation experiments also match observations made in real group discussions and they pave the way for new user studies aimed at further supporting the reported findings.
机译：个人的冲突解决方式可能会对小组的决策过程产生重大影响。这种影响受多种因素的影响，例如小组人数，小组成员的相似性以及推荐系统（如果小组使用的话）所提供的支持类型。测量这些因素的影响超出了实时用户研究的能力。在本文中，我们表明可以有效利用基于模拟的实验来分析小组成员解决冲突样式的效果，并帮助研究人员制定其他研究假设，这些假设可以在临时用户研究中进行单独测试。因此，我们提出了一个小组讨论程序，该程序在尝试做出小组决定时模拟用户的行为。模拟用户采用从Thomas-Kilmann冲突模型得出的替代冲突解决样式。通过使用小组讨论支持系统对真实用户的交互日志进行分析，从而为模拟过程提供了信息。我们的实验是在以四个小组因素为特征的场景下进行的，即冲突解决方式，小组内部相似度，交互长度和小组规模。我们证明了这些因素对推荐质量的影响。这是通过个人在选择推荐的团体选择而不是个人最佳选择时获得的效用损失来衡量的。我们还测量了小组成员获得的最高效用和最低效用之间的差异，以了解系统确定的小组推荐的公平性。实验结果表明（除其他发现外），如果组成员具有相似的品味，那么与采用冲突方式（适应和协作）的组相比，具有冲突解决方式的用户组所获得的效用损失最大。 ，无论他们采用哪种冲突解决方式，在选择群体时在效用上都没有明显的不同（他们被平等对待）。相反，当组成员具有不同的偏好时，竞争成员的平均效用损失仍然最大，但其效用差异最小（它们都获得了相似但较低的效用）。我们的模拟实验的一些发现也与真实小组讨论中的观察结果相符，它们为旨在进一步支持所报告发现的新用户研究铺平了道路。

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