Natural Language (NL) has been linked with User Modeling since the inception of the User Modeling field. In fact, the first User Modeling workshop, which was held in Maria Laach, Germany, in 1986, focused on the application of User Modeling to dialogue systems (Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989). These applications were primarily motivated by the insight that understanding people's utterances involves building and consulting a model of the interlocutor, and generating felicitous discourse requires taking into account a model of the addressee. Thus, the applications of the time focused on three main language-related aspects of user modeling: (1) building user models from NL utterances, e.g., (Allen and Perrault, 1980; Litman and Allen, 1987; Carberry, 1990), (2) consulting user models to interpret users' utterances (Cohen and Jones, 1989; Carberry, 1990), and (3) consulting user models to generate discourse that takes into account some aspect of the addressee (Jameson, 1989; McCoy, 1989; Paris, 1989). These applications were typically knowledge intensive - they relied on plan libraries and applied rule-based reasoning to infer user models or generate discourse. Since then, the applications in the field of User Modeling have expanded significantly. User Modeling now includes new applications, such as recommender systems, e-commerce, mobile and ubiquitous systems, personalized TV, and group modeling. This expansion has coincided with a methodological shift in the Artificial Intelligence community towards techniques which have a strong probabilistic or empirical basis, such as Bayesian networks and machine learning techniques. This shift in turn has been accompanied by a requirement for a rigorous evaluation of developed systems.
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机译：自从创建用户建模字段以来，自然语言（NL）就已经与用户建模相关联。实际上，1986年在德国的玛丽亚·拉赫（Maria Laach）举行了第一次用户建模研讨会，其重点是将用户建模应用于对话系统（Kobsa和Wahlster，1989）。这些应用的主要动机是理解人们的话语涉及建立和咨询对话者的模型，而产生恰当的话语则需要考虑收件人的模型，这是这种见解的动力。因此，当时的应用集中在用户建模的三个主要与语言相关的方面：（1）从NL话语构建用户模型，例如（Allen和Perrault，1980； Litman和Allen，1987； Carberry，1990），（ 2）咨询用户模型以解释用户的话语（Cohen and Jones，1989; Carberry，1990），以及（3）咨询用户模型以生成考虑了收件人的某些方面的话语（Jameson，1989; McCoy，1989;巴黎，1989年）。这些应用程序通常是知识密集型应用程序-它们依赖计划库并应用基于规则的推理来推断用户模型或生成论述。从那时起，用户建模领域中的应用程序得到了极大的扩展。用户建模现在包括新的应用程序，例如推荐系统，电子商务，移动和无处不在的系统，个性化电视和组建模。这种扩展与人工智能界向具有强大概率或经验基础的技术（例如贝叶斯网络和机器学习技术）的方法学转变相吻合。这种转变又伴随着对已开发系统进行严格评估的要求。
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