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Transmission policy in the United States

机译：美国的传播政策

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This paper provides an overview of the development of electric power transmission access, pricing and investment policies in the US over the last 15 years and evaluates the current state of those policies. Pre-liberalization transmission access and pricing policies are reviewed first since more recent policies have evolved from them. FERC's efforts to ensure that transmission owning utilities provide non-discriminatory access and pricing to wholesale transmission customers, culminating in Order 888 and 889 are discussed. These rules did not respond to problems created by a highly balkanized transmission system and only partially responded to problems caused by common ownership and operation of transmission networks with generating and marketing businesses in the same regions. These problems motivated FERC to seek to create Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO) meeting a long list of criteria related to governance, network operations, transmission pricing and investment as reflected in Order 2000. The slow pace of "voluntary" reform following Order 2000 led FERC to issue a proposed Standard Market Design Rule (SMD) which, provided more detailed prescriptions for wholesale market design, network operations, regional planning, resource adequacy, and transmission investment. The SMD rule confronted enormous resistance from groups of utilities and states that had not embraced an electricity sector liberalization agenda. However, many of the provisions of the SMD are being implemented by the RTOs and ISOs in the Northeast and Midwest. PJM's market rules and transmission pricing, planning and investment policies are reviewed as an articulation of FERC's RTO and SMD visions.
机译：本文概述了过去15年美国电力传输接入，价格和投资政策的发展，并评估了这些政策的现状。自由化之前的传输访问和定价策略由于来自最新政策的演变而被首先审查。 FERC为确保输电拥有者的公用事业向批发输电客户提供非歧视性的接入和定价而做出的努力，最终以888号和889号订单进行了讨论。这些规则并未解决由高度隔离的传输系统造成的问题，而仅部分解决了由同一地区的发电和营销企业共同拥有和运营传输网络而导致的问题。这些问题促使FERC寻求创建满足一长串与治理，网络运营，传输价格和投资有关的标准的区域传输组织（RTO），如2000订单中所反映。2000订单后“自愿”改革的缓慢步伐导致FERC发行拟议的标准市场设计规则（SMD），为批发市场设计，网络运营，区域规划，资源充足性和输电投资提供更详细的规定。 SMD规则遭到公用事业团体和尚未接受电力部门自由化议程的州的巨大阻力。但是，SMD的许多规定正在东北和中西部的RTO和ISO实施。 PJM的市场规则和输电价格，计划和投资政策已作为FERC的RTO和SMD愿景的明确表达进行了审查。

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