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首页> 外文期刊>日本作物學會紀事 >Studies on the Development of the Ventilating System in Relation to the Tolerance against Excess-Moisture Injury in Variou Crop Plants : VI. Ecological and Anatomical Responses of Barley and Some Forage Plants to Flooding Treatment.
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Studies on the Development of the Ventilating System in Relation to the Tolerance against Excess-Moisture Injury in Variou Crop Plants : VI. Ecological and Anatomical Responses of Barley and Some Forage Plants to Flooding Treatment.

机译：瓦莉作物植物多余湿润耐受性耐受性系统的发展研究：VI。大麦的生态和解剖响应与牧草灌溉治疗。

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A series of experiments was made to find the relationship between the tolerance agaist excess-moisture injury and the development of the ventilating system, through which molecular oxygen should be transported from the top to the roots for the purpose of respiration. Potted plants of barley, Kentucky-31-fecue, alsike clover, and Genge (Astragalus sinicus) were grown in a green-house, and the soils were flooded during periods of various lengths until the time of harvest. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The barley plant, when flooded continuously from the tillering stage of growth to the time of its death, was to some extent able to adapt itself to an overmoist habitat by generating secondary roots to supersede the injured primary ones, and by improving the ventilating system in the primary tissues so as to facilitate oxygen transport from the top to the roots (cf. Figs. 3-5). These modifications affected directly the ventilating pressure as shown in Fig. 2. A shallow root system formed during the treatment caused the plant to absorb less amount of nutrients from the soil, resulting in a poor growth of plants. When the plant had grown up to heading, however, the ventilating System was virtually blocked up, so that no roots remained alive, being severely afflicted with deficient oxygen supply (cf. Figs. 6-8). The leaves dried up more rapidly and accordingly smaller amonts of grains were produced. The plant, when flooded at the heading stage and kept treated thereafter, did not reveal any longer such effective modifications as above-described in response to adverse circumstance, because of its senescence, e.g. blocking up of the ventilating system and inactivity of root formation. Simultaneous drying up of all leaves within a week after flooding brought forth a remarkable reduction in grain yield. (2) The plant of Kentucky-31-fescue as well as of reed canary grass was equipped with well-developed ventilating system even in the senescent stage of growth under standard conditions, as inferred from the seasonal changes in the ventilating pressure (cf. Figs. 9-11). They were highly resistant to excess-moisture injury by flooding as an excellent ventilating system might They always be ready for furnishing their roots with sufficient supply of oxygen necessary for respiration. showed a slightly suspended growth for a while after treatment, but it was not nearly until the time of establishment of a new root system and of improved ventilating facilities, in adaptation to their new habitat, that they resumed vigorous growth. In consequence, the flooded plants could yield larger dry weights than those by the check plants. (3) Alsike clover, too, was capable of adapting itself to overmoist habitat almost in the same way as seen in Kentucky-31-fescue. Ecological responses to flooding were reflected upon a lower ventilating pressure throughout after flooding, suggesting that oxygen transportation from the top to the roots had been accelerated. Noteworthy was the anatomical feature of the ventilating system particular to this crop (cf. Figs. 12-14). (4) Genge was found susceptible to excess-moisture injury. Upon flooding, it could neither improve the ventilating system nor generate new roots, resulting in a simultaneous shedding of almost all the leaves and consequently in a stunted growth of plants. The epidermis of the stem undr water was reformed likely enough to absorb some water and nutrients, taking the place of poorly functioning roots (cf. Figs. 15-16). It was for this reason that the flooded plant could survive so far as to ploduce a few mature seeds. (5) From these results it may be concluded that the tolerance against excess-moisture injury is closely related to the development of the ventilating system, whose mode and degree are particular to the kind of crops. In this case the improvement of the ventilating system as well as the reformation of the root system is necessary for making the plant possible to transport more oxy
机译：一系列实验是为了找到耐受性血汗损伤和通风系统的发展之间的关系，通过该耐受性系统应以呼吸从顶部输送到根部到根部。在一个温室生长的大麦，肯塔基 - 31次屈服，三叶草和生命（黄芪人）的盆栽植物，在各种长度的时期，土壤被淹没，直到收获的时间。所获得的结果如下：（1）大麦植物，当从生长的增长阶段不断淹没到死亡时间时，在一定程度上，通过产生二次根源来使受伤的患者产生适应过度的栖息地主要的，并且通过改善初级组织中的通风系统，以便于从顶部到根部的氧气（参见图3-5）。这些修改直接影响了如图2所示的通风压力。在治疗期间形成的浅根系导致植物吸收较少量的土壤营养素，导致植物的较差较差。然而，当植物长达前线时，通风系统几乎被阻塞，因此没有生根活着，缺氧缺乏严重磨损（参见图6-8）。叶片更快地干燥，并因此产生晶粒的较小am。植物，当淹没在标题阶段并随后对其进行处理时，由于其衰老，但由于其衰老，因此没有透露任何更长的这种有效修饰，因为其衰老，例如衰老。阻挡通风系统和根部形成的不活动。在洪水后一周内同时干燥所有叶子，提出了粮食产量显着降低。 （2）肯塔基州-31叶片以及芦苇金丝雀草的植物也配备了良好的通风系统，即使在标准条件下的增长阶段，也可以从通风压力的季节变化推断出来（CF.图9-11）。由于洪水，它们对耐水性损伤具有高度耐水性，因此可以随时准备好为呼吸所需的充分供应氧气提供其根源。在治疗后一段时间略有暂停生长，但它并不近于建立新的根系系统和改进的通风设备，适应新的栖息地，他们恢复了剧烈的增长。因此，淹水植物可以产生比检查植物的更大的干重。 （3）Alsike Clover也能够将自己适应过度栖息地，几乎与在肯塔基州-31-Fescue中看到的方式相同。在洪水洪水后较低的通风压力时，对洪水的生态反应反映，表明从顶部到根源的氧气已经加速了。值得注意的是该作物的通风系统的解剖特征（参见图12-14）。 （4）发现发现易受过度湿度损伤的影响。淹没后，它既不能改善通风系统也不会产生新的根源，导致几乎所有叶子同时脱落，从而在植物的发育性生长中。茎UNDR水的表皮重整，可能足以吸收一些水和营养素，取代良好的功能差（CF.15-16）。因此，洪水植物可能会在植物中生存，从而植入一些成熟的种子。 （5）从这些结果中，可以得出结论，过度湿度损伤的耐受性与通风系统的发展密切相关，其模式和程度特别是作物的种类。在这种情况下，通风系统的改善以及根系的改进是使植物可以运输更多氧的工厂所必需的

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