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首页> 外文期刊>日本作物學會紀事 >Studies on Root-Breaking in Certain Crop Plants Caused by Icicle-Layers Developing in the Ground and Protection Measures against the Damage : 4. The density of the root development as a factor affecting the formation of icicle-layers. : 5. Planting methods in relation to root-breaking.
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Studies on Root-Breaking in Certain Crop Plants Caused by Icicle-Layers Developing in the Ground and Protection Measures against the Damage : 4. The density of the root development as a factor affecting the formation of icicle-layers. : 5. Planting methods in relation to root-breaking.

机译：冰柱层造成的冰柱层在地面造成的作物植物中破坏的研究及防止损伤的保护措施：4。根部发育的密度作为影响冰柱层形成的因素。 ：5.种植方法与根断裂。

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It is not unusual that plant roots are found growing undamaged even under freezing grounds where the formation of icicle-layers destructive to them are prevailing. The facts had been found by the author's previous studies that the density of the root system was particularly large at such localities in the ground, and that no icicle-layers were formed there. It may be natural to expect that there should exist intimate relations between the density of the root and the amount r of soil water content because the amount of the icicle-layer in the frozen soil may be represented as that of the water content. For the purpose of investigating the relations, 32 samples of frozen soil were taken from a pasture sown to orchardgrass, and their water contents and root contents were determined. The correlation between those two is shown in Fig. 1, the correlation coefficient γ being -0.475 (P0.01). It means that the more the density of root is the less the water content. in the frozen soil. The density of root development may therfore be considered to possess. the ability to prevent the formation of icicle-layers in the ground. The intensity of the damage in plants caused by icicle-layers were observed to vary according to the planting methods. Wheat plants sown 10 days later (Fig. 2b) than the proper time, suffered rather heavy root-breaking damages by comparatively shallow location of the "cavity" formed as compared with plants sown timely (Fig. 2a). Wheat plants sown 20 days later than the proper date (Fig. 2c) were more violently damaged with no cavities being formed in the ground. Wheat plants without sufficient supply of fertilizers or manures recieved similarly serious damages as those sown not timely, in accordance to the amount of fertilizers. Planting ways also may have effects on the root-breaking. Wheat plants sown in one row on a ridge (Fig. 2d) were found to be violently damaged by icicle-layers formed closely near, the plant and by cavities formed at a shallow position. Of the wheat plants sown in more than 3 rows on a ridge (Fig. 2, d, e) the inner rows recieved almost no damages. In the case of five rows on a ridge, cavities were formes below the inner rows of the plants (Fig. 2d). But on the contrary cavities were formed below the outermost rows in the case of more than five rows on a ridge (Fig. 2e). Therefore, timely sowing, sufficient fertilizing and a proper planting rate should be recommended in cold regions, because those treatments may avoid the injury in plants preventing the formation of icicle-layers.
机译：即使在冻结地面下，植物根部发现植物根部没有异常的植物根源也不是不常见的。作者以前的研究发现了该事实，即根系的密度在地面的这种地方特别大，并且在那里形成冰柱层。预计，由于冻土中的冰柱层的量可以表示为水含量的冰柱层的量应该存在恰当的关系。为了调查关系，从养殖果园播种的牧场中取出32种冻土样品，并确定了它们的水含量和根含量。这两个之间的相关性如图1所示。如图1所示，相关系数γ是-0.475（P <0.01）。这意味着根的密度越多是水含量越少。在冷冻的土壤中。可能认为根系发育的密度被认为是拥有的。防止地面冰柱层形成的能力。观察到由冰柱层引起的植物损伤的强度根据种植方法而变化。播种10天后的小麦植物（图2B）比适当的时间，通过与及时播种的植物相比，形成的“腔”形成的“腔”的相对浅的浅层损坏的损坏损坏。小麦植物比适当的日期更晚（图2C）播种20天（图2C），在地面上没有形成空腔。小麦植物没有足够的肥料供应或粪便，根据肥料的数量，没有及时播种的严重损害。种植方式也可能对根部破坏产生影响。在脊上播种的小麦植物（图2D）被发现被冰柱层靠近，植物和在浅位置上形成的空腔形成剧烈损坏。在脊上超过3行的小麦植物（图2，D，E），内部行接收几乎没有损害。在脊上五排的情况下，腔体在植物的内部行以下形成（图2D）。但在脊柱上超过五行的情况下形成相反的空腔（图2E）。因此，应在寒冷地区推荐及时播种，充分精化和适当的种植率，因为这些治疗可能避免植物损伤，防止形成冰柱层。

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