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首页> 外文期刊>日本作物學會紀事 >Growth and Development of Potato Plants Influenced by Combinations of Air-and Soil-Temperatures
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Growth and Development of Potato Plants Influenced by Combinations of Air-and Soil-Temperatures

机译：通过空气和土壤温度的组合影响马铃薯植物的生长和发展

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摘要

Using phytotrons with natural light, several day air-temperatures (night air-temperatures were 5°C lower than the respective day air-temperatures) were combined with the three soil-temperatures as shown in Table 5, to investigate the combined effects of air-and soil-temperatures on the growth and tuber production of the potato plants. The first treatment was given from juvenile to tuber formation stages for 23 days and the second treatment during bulking stage for 30 days. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The plant height was greatest at 24°C air-temperature (mean daily temperature; 21.5°C) combined with 30° soil-temperature; i.e. 24°-30°. Before tuberization occurred, the dry weight of whole plant almost parallelled plant height in response to various temperatures. Tuberization occurred most quickly at 24°-24°, being followed by 17°-17°. Under 30° air-temperature (mean daily temperature; 27°) tuberization was inhibited but slightly occurred when soil-temperature was lowered. At bulking stage, 17° air-temperature (mean daily temperature; 14.5°) was most favorable for tuber growth, and tuber yield was highest at 17°-17°, being followed by 24°-24°. 2. The dry matter and nitrogen distribution in leaf before tuberization were increased with decrease of air-temperature reaching more than 50% of whole plant. At bulking stage, however, they decreased at all organs except tubers with decrease of air-temperature due to their higher distributions at tubers. Under these situations, dry matter, total available carbohydrate (TAC) and total nitrogen or crude protein (CP) distributions at stem markedly decreased. 3. Leaf/stem in terms of dry matter and nitrogen accumulations increased with decrease of temperature, and tended to increase at soil-temperatures that promoted tuber growth. 4. Nitrogen concentrations and soluble-N/protein-N in leaf at bulking stage tended to decrease, while TAC concentrations, TAC/CP increased with decrase of air-temperatures. Stem and roots showed the almost similar responses. It was observed that soluble-N/protein-N in stem was especially higher as compared to other organs. In stem, CP concentrations were high under high air-temperature and low at the soil temperatures favorable for tuber growth, while TAC concentrations, sugar/starch, and TAC/CP increased with decrease of air-temperature, the latter being distinctly high at soil temperatures favorable for tuber growth. 5. The thickness of leaf blade and the length of palisade cells increased, while the pallisade cell density decreased with decrease of air-temperature. 6. RGR had a strong positive correlation with NAR, both being higher at the conditions favorable for tuber growth with a higher distribution of dry matter to it. NAR showed a positive correlation with length and volume of pallisade cell, but a negative correlation with its density, and showed positive correlations with root efficiency. 7. In the temperature regimes of this experiment, tuber yield showed a negative correlation with the mean air-soil temperatures (air+soil/2 temperatures), and the highest yield was obtained at 24°-24°, 17°-17°, sllowing a possibility that soil temperature too should change diurnally. It was suggested that the temperature conditions most favorable for tuber growth increased the matter in tubers, root efficiencies, NAR and leaf/stem ratio, resulting in the highest dry matter production of whole plant.
机译：使用具有自然光的植物四滴水，几天空气温度（夜间空气温度低于各个天空气温）与表5所示的三种土壤温度相结合，研究了空气的综合影响 - 土壤温度对马铃薯植物的生长和块茎生产。第一次处理从少年到块茎形成阶段给出23天和第二次治疗阶段30天。结果总结如下：1。植物高度在24°C空气温度（平均每日温度; 21.5°C）与30°土壤 - 温度相结合;即24°-30°。在结核病之前，整个植物的干重响应各种温度而异种植物高度。结核病在24°-24°处最快发生，然后是17°-17°。在30°空气温度下（平均每日温度; 27°）核化被抑制，但在土壤 - 温度降低时略微发生。在膨胀阶段，17°空气温度（平均每日温度; 14.5°）最有利于块茎生长，块茎产率在17°-17°处最高，其次是24°-24°。 2.叶片前的干物质和氮气分布随着空气温度的降低而增加，达到全株的50％以上。然而，在膨胀阶段，除了在块茎在块茎的较高分布上，除了块茎之外的所有器官都会减少。在这些情况下，干物质，总可用的碳水化合物（TAC）和茎的总氮气或粗蛋白（CP）分布显着降低。 3.在干物质和氮气积聚方面的叶/茎随着温度的降低而增加，并且在促进块茎生长的土壤温度下趋于增加。 4.在填充阶段的叶片中氮浓度和可溶性-N /蛋白-N倾向于降低，而TAC浓度，TAC / CP随着空气温度的逐渐增加而增加。茎和根表现出几乎相似的反应。观察到，与其他器官相比，茎中的可溶性-N /蛋白-N特别高。在茎中，在高空气温度下，Cp浓度高，土壤温度低于块茎生长的土壤温度，而TAC浓度，糖/淀粉和TAC / CP随着空气温度的降低而增加，后者在土壤中明显高。有利于块茎生长的温度。 5.叶片叶片的厚度和俯视细胞长度的增加，而普拉斯电池密度随着空气温度的降低而降低。 6. RGR与NAR具有强烈的正相关性，既较高的条件，块茎生长的条件都是较高的干物质分布。 NAR显示出与Pallateade细胞的长度和体积的正相关，但与其密度的负相关性，并显示出与根效率的正相关。 7.在该实验的温度制度中，块茎产率与平均空壤温度（空气+土壤/ 2温度）显示出负相关，并且在24°-24°，17°-17°处获得最高产量，滑动土壤温度也应该变大。有人建议，最有利的块茎增长的温度条件增加了块茎，根效，NAR和叶子/茎比的物质，导致全植物的最高干物质生产。

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    《日本作物學會紀事》 |1981年第3期|共页
  • 作者

    Kanoe SATO;

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  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
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