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首页> 外文期刊>日本作物學會紀事 >Relationships between Canopy Structure and Yield in Rice Plants : I. Panicle-number type and panicle-weight type cultivars in square and row plantings at three planting density levels in three cropping seasons
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Relationships between Canopy Structure and Yield in Rice Plants : I. Panicle-number type and panicle-weight type cultivars in square and row plantings at three planting density levels in three cropping seasons

机译：三种种植季节三种种植密度水平的泛植物结构与产量与水稻植物的关系

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Two lowland rice cultivars, Yamahoushi (panicle-weight type) and Kinki No. 33 (panicle-number type), were grown in three cropping seasons (early, normal and late plantings) at three levels of planting density (40, 20 and 10 hill/m2) in 1968. Yamahoushi was square-planted and Kinki No. 33 was planted both in square and in low. Canopy structure was characterized by (1) total biomass of the aerial parts of plant and (2) vertical distribution of leaf blade determined by "the stratifying clip method" and was expressed as the percentage of leaf dry weight in each stratum to the total leaf dry weight. Sampling was done at four growth stages, that is, the active-tillering, young panicle formation, heading and maturing stage, respectively. The canopy profile (the space between the soil surface and the top of plants) was evenly divided into five strata and the stratifying clip method was applied to each stratum. The relationships between yield and total biomass and those between yield and vertical distribution of leaf blade were examined by principal component analysis. The first and second component axes obtained by the analysis (Table 1) were rotated to derive axes which are easier to understand and enable a more convenient comparison of the contributions of the strata (Table 2, Fig. 1). In general, the angle (degree) of rotation of axes on a plane, say θ is difined as θ=45°-ε/2, which maximizes f(θ) given by f(θ)=Σ^^p__(i=1) (αiAicsθ+αiBi sin θ)2+Σ^^q__(j=1)(-βjAj sin θ+βjBj cos θ)2. The formula for the parameter ε in the former equation is ε=tan-1[Σ^^p__(i=1)(αiAi)2+Σ^^q__(j=1)(βjBj)2-Σ^^p__(i=1)(αiBi)2-Σ^^q__(j=1)(βjAj)2] ÷(2Σ^^p__(i=1)αi2AiBi-2Σ^^q__(j=1)βj2AjBj), where subscript i (=1, 2, ‥, p) designate the variables to be located on or approached to one of the rotated axes, subscript j. (=1, 2, ‥, q) showing the variables to be located on the other axis. Symbols Ai and Bi stand for the factor loadings of variable i for the first and second principal components, respectively, αi being the weight which is determened according to agronomical importance. Symbols Aj, Bj and βj are similarly defined for variable j. In the present experiment, the group of variable i consists of the two leaf strata, No. 2 and 4, and the group of j contains only one leaf stratum, No.3. The weights αi and βj were assumed to be unity for brevity. θ was calculated to be -8.62°. Using the factor scores in the two axes derived by the rotation (F1 and F2), the vertical distribution of leaf weight percentage (leaf stratified structure) and the relation between yield and these scores were investigated. The results are summarized as follows: 1. As F1 score increased, the leaf weight percentage of the upper stratum increased, whereas that of the lower stratum decreased. As F2 score increased, the leaf weight percentage of the middle stratum decreased. After rotation of the axes, the tendencies found in these factors were clearer than in the original principal components (Fig. 2). These two factors explained approximately 90% of total variation (Table 2). 2. Leaf weight percentage in the upper stratum became larger as plants grew. [the rest omitted]
机译：两种低地稻米品种，山脉大学（甘蔗重型）和kinki No.33（胰穗数类型）在三个种植密度的三个种植季节（早期，正常和晚期种植）中生长（40,20和10 Hill / M2）1968年。Yamahoushi被广泛种植的，Kinki No.33被种植在方形，低。冠层结构的特征在于（1）植物的空中部位的总生物质和（2）由“分层夹法”确定的叶片的垂直分布，并表示为每种层中的叶片干重的百分比到总叶中净重。取样在四个增长阶段进行，即积极分蘖，年轻穗形成，标题和成熟阶段。冠层曲线（土壤表面和植物顶部之间的空间）均匀分为五个层，并且将分层夹法施加到每个层上。主要成分分析检查产率和总生物质与叶片叶片产率和垂直分布之间的关系。通过分析（表1）获得的第一和第二分量轴被旋转以导出更容易理解的轴，并且能够更方便地比较地层的贡献（表2，图1）。通常，平面上轴旋转的角度（度），例如θ差异为θ= 45°-ε/ 2，其最大化由f（θ）=σ^^ p __（i = 1）（αiAsicsθ+αibisinθ）2 +σ^^ q __（j = 1）（ - βjajsinθ+βjbjcosθ）2。前方等式中的参数ε的公式是ε= tan-1 [Σ^^ p __（i = 1）2 +σ^^ q __（j = 1）（βjbj）2-σ^^ p __（ i = 1）（αibi）2-Σ^^ q __（j = 1）（βjaj）2]÷（2σ^^ p __（i = 1）αi2aibi-2σ^^ q __（j = 1）βj2ajbj），其中下标i（= 1,2，‥，p）指定要位于或接近旋转轴，下标j的变量。 （= 1,2，‥，q）显示要位于另一轴的变量。符号ai和bi分别为第一和第二主成分的变量i的因子加载，αi是根据农艺重要性确定的重量。符号AJ，BJ和βj类似地为变量j定义。在本实验中，可变I族I由两种叶片地层，第2和4组组成，j组只包含一个叶子层，No.3。假设权重αi和βj是简洁的统一。 θ计算为-8.62°。使用由旋转（F1和F2）的两个轴中的因子分数，研究了叶重量百分比（叶分层结构）的垂直分布和产量与这些分数之间的关系。结果总结如下：1。随着F1得分增加，上层的叶重量百分比增加，而较低层的叶重量降低。随着F2分数增加，中间层的叶重量百分比减少。在轴旋转之后，在这些因素中发现的趋势比原始主成分更清晰（图2）。这两个因素解释了大约90％的总变化（表2）。随着植物成长，上层的叶重量百分比变得更大。 [省略了]

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