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首页> 外文期刊>Waste and biomass valorization >Sustainable Management of Digestate from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Food Waste Under the Concepts of Back to Earth Alternatives and Circular Economy
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Sustainable Management of Digestate from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Food Waste Under the Concepts of Back to Earth Alternatives and Circular Economy

机译：回归地球和循环经济理念下城市生活垃圾和食物垃圾有机成分对消化液的可持续管理

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摘要

The anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and food waste achieves both environmental and economic benefits. This bio-process, well-known for producing biogas, is used extensively for industrial applications all over the world. Despite the use of AD across the world, the overall sustainability of this process as a source of an alternate fuel (i.e., biomethane) is intrinsically linked to the successful management of one of its major byproducts, the digestate. In order for the digestate to be classified as a product rather than a waste and to achieve regulatory compliance, this liquid stream needs to undergo biological or physicochemical treatments. The most common treatment for digestate is the use as a soil amendment. Nutrients surplus, variable agricultural seasonal requirements, escalating transportation cost, and market acceptance (e.g., risk for food safety) represents the major obstacle for the use of digestate for agricultural applications. Therefore, it is necessary to study alternative approaches for digestate management and utilization options. One alternative concept is the Back to Earth Alternative (BEA) whose aim is to bring appropriately treated residues back to their non-mobile state, as they were extracted from the earth to be used as raw materials, which would achieve actual closing of the materials cycles. Similarly, the same concept can be introduced into the digestate management process, with the goal of reducing resource costs and mitigate potential impacts on climate change, by employing a more holistic circular economy model instead of linear economy model commonly referred to as take-make-dispose. The overarching aim of this study is to introduce the BEA and circular economy concepts into the digestate management process taking into consideration the initial quality of the digestate and the techniques and processes necessary to meet the specific regulatory and quality requirements for the utilization of this waste stream for different applications. Cost benefit analysis and environmental impact were also evaluated for each BEA.
机译：城市固体废物（OFMSW）和食物垃圾的有机部分的厌氧消化（AD）既实现了环境效益，又实现了经济效益。这种以生产沼气而闻名的生物工艺在世界范围内广泛用于工业应用。尽管在世界范围内都使用了AD，但该过程作为替代燃料（即生物甲烷）的来源的总体可持续性与成功管理其主要副产物之一即消化液有着内在的联系。为了将消化物归类为产品而不是废物并达到法规要求，此液流需要进行生物或物理化学处理。最常见的消化处理方法是用作土壤改良剂。营养过剩，农业季节性需求不定，运输成本不断上涨以及市场接受度（例如食品安全风险）是将消化液用于农业的主要障碍。因此，有必要研究消化管理和利用选择的替代方法。一种替代概念是“回到地球的替代方案”（BEA），其目的是使经过适当处理的残留物恢复原状，因为它们是从地球上提取出来的用作原材料，从而可以实现物料的实际封闭。周期。同样，也可以将相同的概念引入消化管理过程中，以降低资源成本并减轻对气候变化的潜在影响为目标，方法是采用更全面的循环经济模型，而不是通常被称为“制造”的线性经济模型。处理。这项研究的总体目标是在消化液管理过程中引入BEA和循环经济概念，其中要考虑到消化液的初始质量以及满足利用这种废物流的特定法规和质量要求所必需的技术和过程。针对不同的应用。还对每个BEA进行了成本效益分析和环境影响评估。

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