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Electrical and electronic waste: a global environmental problem

机译：电气和电子废物：全球环境问题

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The production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is one of the fastest growing global manufacturing activities. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). Rapid economic growth, coupled with urbanization and growing demand for consumer goods, has increased both the consumption of EEE and the production of WEEE, which can be a source of hazardous wastes that pose a risk to the environment and to sustainable economic growth. To address potential environmental problems that could stem from improper management of WEEE, many countries and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of material recovery from WEEE to reduce the amount and types of materials disposed in landfills. Recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment is important not only to reduce the amount of waste requiring treatment, but also to promote the recovery of valuable materials. EEE is diverse and complex with respect to the materials and components used and waste streams from the manufacturing processes. Characterization of these wastes is of paramount importance for developing a cost-effective and environmentally sound recycling system. This paper offers an overview of electrical and e-waste recycling, including a description of how it is generated and classified, strategies and technologies for recovering materials, and new scientific developments related to these activities. Finally, the e-waste recycling industry in India is also discussed.
机译：电气和电子设备（EEE）的生产是增长最快的全球制造活动之一。这一发展导致了废弃电子电气设备（WEEE）的增加。快速的经济增长，再加上城市化和对消费品需求的增长，增加了EEE的消费和WEEE的生产，WEEE的产生可能是有害废物的来源，对环境和可持续的经济增长构成威胁。为了解决WEEE管理不当可能引起的潜在环境问题，许多国家和组织已经起草了国家立法，以改善WEEE的再利用，再循环和其他形式的材料回收，以减少垃圾填埋场处置的材料的数量和类型。废弃电子电气设备的回收不仅对减少需要处理的废物量很重要，而且对促进有价值材料的回收也很重要。就所使用的材料和组件以及制造过程中产生的废物流而言，EEE是多种多样且复杂的。这些废物的表征对于开发具有成本效益和对环境无害的回收系统至关重要。本文概述了电子和电子废物的回收利用，包括其产生方式和分类，材料回收的策略和技术以及与这些活动有关的新科学进展的描述。最后，还讨论了印度的电子废物回收行业。

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