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The challenge of electronic waste (e-waste) management in developing countries

机译：发展中国家电子废物（电子废物）管理的挑战

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Information and telecommunications technology (ICT) and computer Internet networking has penetrated nearly every aspect of modern life, and is positively affecting human life even in the most remote areas of the developing countries. The rapid growth in ICT has led to an improvement in the capacity of computers but simultaneously to a decrease in the products lifetime as a result of which increasingly large quantities of waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) are generated annually. ICT development in most developing countries, particularly in Africa, depends more on secondhand or refurbished EEEs most of which are imported without confirmatory testing for functionality. As a result large quantities of e-waste are presently being managed in these countries. The challenges facing the developing countries in e-waste management include: an absence of infrastructure for appropriate waste management, an absence of legislation dealing specifically with e-waste, an absence of any framework for end-of-life (EoL) product take-back or implementation of extended producer responsibility (EPR). This study examines these issues as they relate to practices in developing countries with emphasis on the prevailing situation in Nigeria. Effective management of e-waste in the developing countries demands the implementation of EPR, the establishment of product reuse through remanufacturing and the introduction of efficient recycling facilities. The implementation of a global system for the standardization and certification/labelling of secondhand appliances intended for export to developing countries will be required to control the export of electronic recyclables (e-scarp) in the name of secondhand appliances.
机译：信息和电信技术（ICT）和计算机Internet网络已经渗透到现代生活的几乎所有方面，甚至在发展中国家最偏远的地区也正在积极影响人类生活。 ICT的快速增长导致计算机容量的提高，但同时导致产品寿命的缩短，其结果是每年产生越来越多的废弃电气电子设备（电子废物）。在大多数发展中国家，特别是非洲，ICT的发展更多地取决于二手或翻新的EEE，其中大多数是未经功能验证性进口的。结果，这些国家目前正在管理大量的电子废物。发展中国家在电子废物管理方面面临的挑战包括：缺乏适当废物管理的基础设施，缺乏专门针对电子废物的立法，缺乏任何针对报废产品的框架。支持或执行扩展的生产者责任（EPR）。这项研究审查了这些问题，因为它们与发展中国家的做法有关，并着重介绍了尼日利亚的当前局势。要对发展中国家的电子废物进行有效管理，就需要实施EPR，通过再制造来建立产品再利用以及引入有效的回收设施。将需要实施全球系统，以对打算出口到发展中国家的二手电器进行标准化和认证/标签，以控制以二手电器为名的电子可回收物品（e-scarp）的出口。

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