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Root penetration through sealing layers at mine deposit sites

机译：根部穿透矿床中的密封层

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摘要

To prevent acid mine drainage arising from oxygen and water penetration of sulphide-rich mine tailings, the tailings are covered with layers of dry sealing material. Plant roots have a great ability to penetrate dense materials, and if the roots are able to penetrate the sealing layer of a tailings deposit, its oxygen-shielding properties could be reduced. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether plant roots are able to penetrate sealing layers covering mine tailings deposits. Root penetration into layers of various sealing materials, such as clayey moraine (clay, 8-10 percent; silt,. 22-37 percent; sand, 37-55 percent; gravel, 15-18 percent), moraine (unspecified), 6-mm bentonite (kaolin clay) fabric, lime and clay, Cefyll~R (mixture of pulverized coal fly ash, cement and water) and a mixture containing biosludge (30-35 percent) and bioashes (65-70 percent), was investigated. In the field, roots were studied by digging trenches alongside vegetation growing in 3- and 10-year-old mine sites. In the greenhouse root growth of Betuh pendula, Finns sylvestris, Poa pratensis and Salix viminalis were studied in compartments where the plants had been growing for 22 months. The results from the field experiment indicated that roots are able to penetrate both deep down in the cover layer (1.7 m) and also into the sealing layers of various materials, and even to penetrate hard Cefyll. The addition of nutrients in the top cover reduced deep root growth and thereby also penetration through the sealing layer. Low hydraulic conductivity of the sealing layer or a thick cover layer had less effect on root penetration. In the greenhouse experiment roots did not penetrate the thin bentonite fabric, due to low pH (2.1-2.7) that was created from the underlying weathered mine tailings. The clayey moraine was penetrated by all species used in the greenhouse experiment; Pinus sylvestris had the greatest ability to penetrate. To prevent root penetration of the other sealing layer, a suitable condition for the plants should be created in the upper part of the cover layer, namely a sufficient amount of plant nutrients. However, to define such a condition is difficult since different plant species have different requirements.
机译：为防止富氧的硫化物尾矿中氧气和水渗透而引起的酸性矿山排水，尾矿上覆盖有干燥的密封材料层。植物的根部具有很好的穿透致密材料的能力，如果根部能够穿透尾矿沉积物的密封层，则其氧气防护性能可能会降低。这项研究的目的是评估植物的根是否能够穿透覆盖矿山尾矿沉积物的密封层。根渗透到各种密封材料的层中，例如粘土冰m（粘土，占8-10％；淤泥，占22-37％；沙，占37-55％；砾石，占15-18％），冰m（未指定），6 -mm膨润土（高岭土）织物，石灰和粘土，Cefyll〜R（粉煤灰，水泥和水的混合物）以及含生物污泥（30％至35％）和生物粉尘（65％至70％）的混合物。在田间，通过在3岁和10岁的矿区中挖沟以及生长的植被研究根系。在Betuh pendula的温室根部生长中，在植物已经生长22个月的隔间中研究了Finns sylvestris，Poa pratensis和Salix viminalis。田间试验的结果表明，根部不仅可以穿透覆盖层（1.7 m）的深处，而且还可以穿透各种材料的密封层，甚至可以穿透坚硬的Cefyll。在顶盖中添加养分可减少深根生长，从而也可以穿透密封层。密封层或较厚的覆盖层的低水力传导率对根部渗透的影响较小。在温室实验中，由于底层风化的矿山尾矿产生的低pH（2.1-2.7），根部没有渗透到膨润土薄织物中。黏土冰ora被温室实验中使用的所有物种所穿透。樟子松具有最大的渗透能力。为了防止另一密封层的根部渗透，应在覆盖层的上部创造适合植物的条件，即有足够量的植物养分。但是，由于不同的植物种类具有不同的要求，因此很难定义这种条件。

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