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Selective leaching of Zn from spent alkaline batteries using environmentally friendly approaches

机译：使用环保方法从碱性废电池中选择性浸出锌

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The main aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of using microwave or ultrasound to assist the efficient and selective leaching of Zn from spent alkaline batteries and compare the results with those obtained using the conventional method. Two different strategies were applied: acid leaching of a washed residue and alkaline leaching of the original residue. In both (acid and alkaline) approaches, the use of microwave- or ultrasound-assisted leaching increased the extraction of Zn compared with the best results obtained using conventional leaching [acid leaching (1.5 mol/L H_2SO_4, 3 h, 80 ℃), 90% of Zn extracted; alkaline leaching (6 mol/L NaOH, 3 h, 80 ℃), 42% of Zn extracted). With acid leaching, 94% of the Zn was extracted using microwave-assisted leaching (1 cycle, 30 s, 1 mol/L H_2SO_4), and 92% of the Zn was extracted using ultrasound-assisted leaching (2 min, 0.1 p, 20% amplitude, 1 mol/L H_2SO_4). Ultrasound-assisted leaching resulted in a more selective (Zn/Mn ratio of 5.1) Zn extraction than microwave-assisted leaching (Zn/Mn ratio of 3.5); both processes generated a concentrated Zn solution (≥18.7 g/L) with a purity (83.3% and 77.7%, respectively) that was suitable for electrowinning. With alkaline leaching, microwave- (1 cycle, 3 min, 4 mol/L NaOH) and ultrasound-assisted (14 min, O.lp, 20% amplitude, 4 mol/L NaOH) leaching extracted about 80% of the Zn and less than 0.01% of the Mn, which resulted in lesser concentrated Zn solutions (approximately 16.5 g/L) but with high purity (＞99.5%) that was suitable for the recovery of Zn by precipitation. The microwave- and ultrasound-assisted leaching strategies used in this work proved to be efficient and environmentally-friendly approaches for the extraction of Zn from spent alkaline residues since a concentrated Zn solution with adequate purity for subsequent Zn recovery was obtained using significantly decreased leaching times and concentrations of chemicals.
机译：这项工作的主要目的是评估使用微波或超声波协助从废碱性电池中有效和选择性地浸出锌的可能性，并将结果与​​使用常规方法获得的结果进行比较。应用了两种不同的策略：酸洗残留物和碱浸出原始残留物。在两种方法（酸性和碱性）中，与传统浸提法（酸浸提法（1.5 mol / L H_2SO_4、3 h，80℃）相比，微波浸提或超声波浸提均提高了Zn的提取率， 90％的锌被提取；碱浸（6 mol / L NaOH，3 h，80℃，42％的锌提取）。酸浸时，微波辅助浸出（1个周期，30 s，1 mol / L H_2SO_4）萃取了94％的Zn，超声辅助浸出（2 min，0.1 p，Zn萃取了92％的Zn）。振幅20％，1 mol / L H_2SO_4）。与微波辅助浸出（Zn / Mn比为3.5）相比，超声浸出导致锌的选择性更高（锌/锰比为5.1）。这两个过程均产生了适合于电解沉积的纯锌溶液（≥18.7g / L），纯度（分别为83.3％和77.7％）。采用碱浸，微波（1个周期，3分钟，4 mol / L NaOH）和超声辅助（14分钟，O.lp，20％振幅，4 mol / L NaOH）浸出提取了约80％的锌和锰含量少于0.01％，导致浓缩锌溶液浓度较低（约16.5 g / L），但纯度高（＞ 99.5％），适于通过沉淀回收锌。事实证明，这项工作中使用的微波和超声波辅助浸出策略是从废碱残渣中萃取锌的有效且环境友好的方法，因为使用显着减少的浸出时间可以获得具有足够纯度的后续纯化锌的浓缩锌溶液。和化学品的浓度。

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