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Italian WEEE management system and treatment of end-of-life cooling and freezing equipments for CFCs removal

机译：意大利WEEE管理系统和用于淘汰CFC的报废冷却和冷冻设备的处理

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摘要

This study presents and analyzes the data of the Italian system for take-back and recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEEs) in the start-up period 2008-2010. The analysis was focused particularly on the data about the treatment of end-of-life cooling and freezing equipments. In fact, the wastes of cooling and freezing equipments have a high environmental impact. Indeed, in their compressor oil and insulation polyurethane (PU) foams chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ozone-depleting gases are still present. In the period 2001-2004 Northern Italy resulted the main source in Europe of CFCs. The European Directive on WEEE management was enacted in 2002, but in Italy it was implemented by the legislative Decree in 2005 and it became operational in 2008. Actually, in 2008 the national WEEE Coordination Centre was founded in order to organize the WEEE pick-up process and to control collection, recovery and recycling targets. As a result, in 2010 the average WEEE collection per capita exceeded the threshold of more than 4 kg per inhabitant, as well as cooling and freezing appliances represented more than one fourth of the Italian WEEE collection stream. During the treatment of end-of-life cooling and freezing equipments, CFCs were recovered and disposed principally by burner methods. The analyses of defined specimens collected in the treatment facilities were standardized to reliably determine the amount of recovered CFCs. Samples of alkaline solid salt, alkaline saline solution, polyurethane matrix and compressor oil collected during the audit assessment procedure were analyzed and the results were discussed. In particular, the analysis of PU samples after the shredding and the warm pressing procedures measured a residual CFCs content around 500-1300 mg/kg of CFCs within the foam matrix.
机译：这项研究提出并分析了在2008-2010年启动期间意大利回收和回收废弃电气电子设备（WEEE）的意大利系统的数据。该分析特别集中在有关报废冷却和冷冻设备处理的数据上。实际上，冷却和冷冻设备的废料对环境影响很大。实际上，在它们的压缩机油和绝缘聚氨酯（PU）泡沫中，仍然存在消耗氯氟烃（CFC）的臭氧消耗气体。在2001年至2004年期间，意大利北部是欧洲氟氯化碳的主要来源。欧洲WEEE管理指令于2002年颁布，但在意大利于2005年由法令实施，并于2008年开始实施。实际上，在2008年成立了国家WEEE协调中心，以组织WEEE的组织工作过程并控制收集，回收和再循环目标。结果，在2010年，人均WEEE的平均收集量超过了每位居民超过4公斤的门槛，制冷和冷冻设备占意大利WEEE收集总量的四分之一以上。在报废冷却和冷冻设备的处理过程中，主要通过燃烧器方法回收和处置了CFC。对在处理设施中收集的确定标本的分析进行了标准化，以可靠地确定回收的氟氯化碳的量。分析了在审核评估过程中收集的碱性固体盐，碱性盐溶液，聚氨酯基质和压缩机油的样品，并对结果进行了讨论。特别是，切碎和热压程序后对PU样品的分析测得泡沫基质中​​的残留CFC含量约为500-1300 mg / kg。

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  • 来源
    《Waste Management》 |2013年第6期|1491-1498|共8页
  • 作者

    M. Sansotera; W. Navarrini; S. Talaeemashhadi; F. Venturini;

  • 作者单位

    Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7,I-20131 Milano, Italy,Istituto Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via Giusti 9,I-50121 Firenze, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7,I-20131 Milano, Italy,Istituto Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via Giusti 9,I-50121 Firenze, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7,I-20131 Milano, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7,I-20131 Milano, Italy;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Chlorofluorocarbons; Polyurethane foam; WEEE management;

    机译：氯氟烃;聚氨酯泡沫;WEEE管理;

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