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首页> 外文期刊>Waste Management >Exposure to bioaerosols at open dumpsites: A case study of bioaerosols exposure from activities at Olusosun open dumpsite, Lagos Nigeria
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Exposure to bioaerosols at open dumpsites: A case study of bioaerosols exposure from activities at Olusosun open dumpsite, Lagos Nigeria

机译：在开放式垃圾场暴露于生物制溶胶：在尼日罗省Olusosun开放式垃圾场的生物对外活动的案例研究

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Activities associated with the open dumping of municipal solid waste has the potential for greater impact on the environment and public health compared to other forms of waste-to-land treatment of such wastes. However, there is a lack of quantitative data on the exposure to bioaerosols from open dumpsites, hence impeding the development of effective interventions that would reduce the risk of respiratory symptoms among scavengers and waste workers at such dumpsites. This study investigated exposure to bioaerosols at Olusosun open dumpsite, Lagos Nigeria using three methodologies; (1) Conducting a cross-sectional survey on the respiratory health of the population on the dumpsite, (2) Measuring bioaerosol concentrations in the ambient air by measuring four bioaerosols indicator groups (total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, Aspergillus fumigatus and total fungi) using a Anderson six stage impactor sampler, (3) Measuring activity related exposures to bioaerosols using an SKC button personal sampler.After a cross sectional health survey of 149 participants (waste workers, scavengers, middlemen, food vendors and business owners), smokers reported higher symptoms of chronic cough (21%) and chronic phlegm (15%) compared to non-smokers (chronic cough 15%, chronic phlegm 13%). Years of work 5 years showed no statistically significant association with chronic phlegm (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.4-3.4; p 0.05) or asthma (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.6-5.2; p 0.05). At the 95th percentile, the concentration of total bacteria was the highest (2189 CFU/m(3)), then gram negative bacteria (2188 CFU/m(3)), total fungi (843 CFU/m(3)) and Aspergillus fumigatus (441 CFU/m(3)) after ambient air sampling. A comparison of the data showed that the activity-based sampling (undertaken using body worn personal sampler) had higher bioaerosols concentrations (10(4) -10(6) CFU/m(3)), i.e. 2-3 logs higher than those recorded from static ambient air sampling. Bioaerosol exposure was highest during scavenging activities compared to waste sorting and site supervision. Particle size distributions showed that 41%, 46%, 76% and 63% of total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, Aspergillus fumigatus and total fungi respectively were of respirable sizes and would therefore be capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory system, posing a greater human health risk. This study has shown that exposure to bioaerosols can be associated with activities undertaken at open dumpsites and may contribute to the high prevalence of the chronic respiratory symptoms among the workers in such environments. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：与市政固体废物的公开倾销相关的活动有可能对环境和公共卫生的影响更大，而与这种废物的其他形式的废物处理相比。然而，缺乏关于开放式垃圾场的生物溶胶的暴露性的定量数据，因此阻碍了在这种垃圾场的呼吸器和废物工人之间降低呼吸系统症状风险的有效干预措施。本研究使用三种方法调查了在奥卢苏逊开放式垃圾桶的生物溶胶中的暴露; （1）通过测量四种生物溶胶指示因子（总细菌，革兰氏阴性细菌，曲霉（Aspergillus Fumigatus和总真菌）来对垃圾桶中血液血液血液浓度进行横断面调查，（2）测量环境空气中的生物溶胶浓度）使用Anderson六阶段撞击射流器，（3）使用SKC按钮使用SKC按钮测量与生物溶胶的活性有关的曝光。在149名参与者（废物工人，清除者，中间人，食品供应商和商家主人）的横断面健康调查中，吸烟者与非吸烟者（慢性咳嗽15％，慢性痰13％）报告慢性咳嗽（21％）和慢性痰（15％）的更高症状。多年的工作> 5年显示与慢性痰（或1.2,95％CI 0.4-3.4; p> 0.05）或哮喘（或1.8,95％CI 0.6-5.2; p> 0.05）没有统计学显着的关联。在第95百分位数，总细菌的浓度最高（2189 CFU / M（3）），然后革兰阴性细菌（2188 CFU / M（3）），总真菌（843 cfu / m（3））和曲霉环境空气采样后Fumigatus（441 CFU / M（3））。数据的比较表明，基于活性的取样（使用体磨损的个人采样器进行）具有较高的生物溶胶浓度（10（4）-10（6）CFU / M（3）），即2-3个原木高于那些从静态环境空气采样记录。与废物分类和现场监督相比，清除活动期间生物溶胶暴露是最高的。粒度分布表明，分别为41％，46％，76％和63％，革兰氏阴性细菌，曲霉菌和总真菌的总体尺寸，因此能够深入渗透到呼吸系统中，构成更大的人类健康风险。本研究表明，对生物溶胶的暴露可能与开放式垃圾场的活动有关，并且可能导致这些环境中工人慢性呼吸道症状的高患病率。 （c）2019年由elestvier有限公司发布

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