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首页> 外文期刊>Water, Air, and Soil Pollution >Increased Water Pollution After Closure of Australia's Longest Operating Underground Coal Mine: a 13-Month Study of Mine Drainage, Water Chemistry and River Ecology
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Increased Water Pollution After Closure of Australia's Longest Operating Underground Coal Mine: a 13-Month Study of Mine Drainage, Water Chemistry and River Ecology

机译：关闭澳大利亚运营时间最长的地下煤矿后，水污染增加：一项为期13个月的矿山排水，水化学和河流生态研究

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This study investigated the water pollution impact of mine drainage from an underground colliery that had stopped mining 3 years earlier. After more than a century of operation, the mining stopped, pumping ceased and groundwater accumulated, causing the flooding of the deepest sections (c. 15%) of the mine workings. The mine then began free-draining to the adjacent Wingecarribee River. The closure and flooding triggered acid mine drainage that has resulted in mildly acidic pH and higher concentrations of several metals. Of greatest environmental concern were ecologically hazardous concentrations of three metals: nickel (418 mu g/L), zinc (1161 mu g/L) and manganese (11,909 mu g/L) in the mine drainage. Such concentrations are some of the highest concentrations reported for these metals in drainage from an Australian coal mine and are 2.5 to seven times higher than when the mine was operating. The concentration of nickel and manganese were stable, but zinc gradually declined throughout the 13-month study. The inflow of the drainage increased the concentration of the three metals in the river, causing exceedance of water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic species. The ecological impact of the mine drainage was substantial, causing a 63% reduction in family richness and a 90% reduction in proportion of invertebrates from the known pollution-sensitive orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera). Literature suggests the pollution could continue for decades. Of additional concern is that the mine drainage is currently untreated and pollutes a river in the water catchment of Australia's largest domestic water supply reservoir.
机译：这项研究调查了3年前已停止开采的地下煤矿的排水对水污染的影响。经过一个多世纪的运作，采矿停止了，抽水停止了，地下水蓄积，造成了矿山最深部分（约15％）的洪水泛滥。然后，该矿开始向附近的Wingecarribee河自由排水。封闭和洪水引发了酸性矿山的排水，导致中等酸性的pH值和几种金属的较高浓度。对环境影响最大的是矿井排水中三种金属的生态危害浓度：镍（418微克/升），锌（1161微克/升）和锰（11,909微克/升）。这种浓度是澳大利亚煤矿排水中所报告的这些金属中的某些最高浓度，比矿山运营时的浓度高2.5至7倍。镍和锰的浓度稳定，但在整个13个月的研究中锌逐渐下降。排水的流入增加了河流中三种金属的浓度，从而超出了保护水生物种的水质准则。矿山排水系统的生态影响是巨大的，导致家庭财富减少了63％，而已知的对污染敏感的订单（星翅目，鞘翅目和毛鳞翅目）的无脊椎动物比例减少了90％。文献表明污染可能会持续数十年。另一个令人担忧的是，矿井的排水系统目前未经处理，污染了澳大利亚最大的家用供水水库集水区的一条河流。

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