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首页> 外文期刊>Water, Air, and Soil Pollution >STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIGNITE-DERIVED ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITS IN FOREST SOILS OF THE UPPER LUSATIAN REGION, EAST GERMANY
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STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIGNITE-DERIVED ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITS IN FOREST SOILS OF THE UPPER LUSATIAN REGION, EAST GERMANY

机译：东德国上吕沙山地区森林土壤中褐铁矿大气沉积物的地层分布

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Atmospheric fly ash emissions from lignite-fired power plants in the Upper Lusatian and Turowan mining districts strongly affected large forest areas along the German-Polish border. A field study was conducted in old spruce stands (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) to assess the stratigraphic distribution of fly ash in the forest floor and mineral topsoil in the St. Marienthal forest area in the eastern part of Saxony, Germany. This forest area is subjected to long-term atmospheric depositions by two German and one Polish power plants since the early 1900s. The three study sites are located along a fly ash deposition gradient of 3, 6 and 15 km from the power plant in Turow (Sites Ⅰa, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively). An additional site (Site Ⅰb) at a distance of 3 km from Turow was chosen to study the influence of vegetation type on fly ash deposition intensity in forest soils. Samples of the humic layer (Oi (L), Oe (F) and Oa (H) horizons) and mineral soil (0-10 cm) were taken in Spring and Fall 1999 and analysed for their ferromagnetic susceptibility and total ash content. Particle size distribution, magnetic susceptibility of individual size fractions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were performed on selected samples to evaluate the origin of mineral particles found in the forest floor. High magnetic susceptibility of the Oa and Oe horizons is a result of the long-term accumulation of lignite-derived atmospheric deposits in the forest floors of the studied area. Pure conifer stands (year-round filtration of airborne pollutants) resulted in higher inputs of ferromagnetic fly ash particles in forest soils. Unusually high total ash contents for humic horizons (up to 77%) were determined in the Oa and Oe horizons at Sites Ⅰa and Ⅱb, indicating the need for a new classification systems for the organic layer in forest soils near coal-fired power plants. SEM revealed 4 typical phases of persistent fly ash deposits formed by combustion of Lusatian lignite: (1) iron-containing 'stable glasses', (2) aluminium-iron-silicate-minerals, (3) slag fragments and (4) lignite-derived fossil carbon. Particle size analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements and SEM-EDX techniques indicated that a great portion of the mineral particles found in the humic horizons of forests soils are from atmospheric sources. Fly ash accumulation consisting of ferromagnetic minerals contributes mainly to the 125-63 and <63 μm fractions in soils. EDX analysis revealed that atmospheric input of lignite-derived fly ash increases the contents of the following ecological relevant elements in soils: carbon, iron, aluminium, calcium, potassium, sulphur, titanium and sodium.
机译：卢萨斯河上部和图罗万矿区褐煤发电厂的大气飞灰排放严重影响了德波边境沿线的大片森林地区。在旧的云杉林（Picea abies（L.）Karst。）中进行了野外研究，以评估德国萨克森州东部圣马林塔尔森林地区森林地面的飞灰和矿物表层土的地层分布。自1900年代初以来，这片森林地区就受到了两家德国电厂和一家波兰电厂的长期大气沉积作用。这三个研究地点位于距Turow电厂分别3、6和15 km的粉煤灰沉积梯度上（分别位于站点Ⅰa，Ⅱ和Ⅲ）。选择距Turow 3 km处的另一个站点（Ⅰb站点）来研究植被类型对森林土壤中飞灰沉积强度的影响。在1999年春季和秋季采集了腐殖质层（Oi（L），Oe（F）和Oa（H）层）和矿质土壤（0-10厘米）的样品，并分析了它们的铁磁敏感性和总灰分含量。对选定的样品进行了粒度分布，单个粒度级分的磁化率，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线显微分析（EDX），以评估在森林地面发现的矿物颗粒的来源。 Oa和Oe地层的高磁化率是由于褐煤衍生的大气沉积物在研究区域的森林地面中长期积累的结果。纯针叶林林分（对空气中污染物的全年过滤）导致森林土壤中铁磁性飞灰颗粒的投入增加。在Ⅰa和Ⅱb站点的Oa和Oe层中，测定了腐殖质层中异常高的总灰分含量（高达77％），这表明需要对燃煤电厂附近森林土壤中的有机层建立新的分类系统。扫描电镜显示了由卢萨斯褐煤燃烧形成的持久性粉煤灰沉积的四个典型阶段：（1）含铁“稳定玻璃”，（2）铝-铁-硅酸盐-矿物，（3）炉渣碎片和（4）褐煤-衍生化石碳。粒度分析，磁化率测量和SEM-EDX技术表明，在森林土壤腐殖质层中发现的大部分矿物颗粒均来自大气。由铁磁性矿物组成的粉煤灰积累主要是造成土壤中125-63和<63μm的部分。 EDX分析表明，大气中褐煤衍生的粉煤灰增加了土壤中以下生态相关元素的含量：碳，铁，铝，钙，钾，硫，钛和钠。

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