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China's Inter-Regional Trade of Virtual Water: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Table Based Analysis

机译：中国虚拟水的区域间贸易：基于多区域投入产出表的分析

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The success of China's economic development has brought increasing pressures on its water resources, motivating it to better understand water use characteristics and how scarce water resources are transferred among regions. Virtual water is a term used to refer to the volume of freshwater consumed for producing traded goods and services. It reflects the actual human consumption of water resources and therefore is important for water resources management. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the current inter-regional virtual water trade (VWT) structure and to assess the implications of these trade patterns for water use and water conservation strategies in China. Based on the most recently available multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data, we have developed an extended inter-regional input-output (IRIO) model for eight economic regions in China to account for virtual water flows. The findings show that water use efficiency has increased over the years, but it is still unbalanced among the regions. The total amount of VWT has increased, and the major source of the trade is domestic inter-regional trade, especially intermediate products trade. Moreover, the main direction of virtual water transfer is from water-poor inland regions to water-rich regions, which is unfavorable for water resource allocation and efficiency. Therefore, in addition to enhancing water use efficiency and encouraging water-saving production alternatives, we suggest that China's government should also adopt a market-based water pricing system.
机译：中国经济发展的成功给水资源带来了越来越大的压力，促使中国更好地了解水资源的利用特征以及稀缺水资源如何在不同地区之间转移。虚拟水是一个术语，用于表示生产贸易商品和服务所消耗的淡水量。它反映了人类的实际水资源消耗，因此对于水资源管理非常重要。本文的目的是评估当前的区域间虚拟水贸易（VWT）结构，并评估这些贸易模式对中国用水和节水战略的影响。基于最新可用的多区域投入产出（MRIO）数据，我们为中国的八个经济区开发了扩展的区域间投入产出（IRIO）模型，以计算虚拟水流量。调查结果表明，多年来用水效率有所提高，但各地区之间仍然不平衡。 VWT总量增加了，贸易的主要来源是国内区域间贸易，特别是中间产品贸易。而且，虚拟调水的主要方向是从缺水的内陆地区到富水的地区，这不利于水资源的分配和效率。因此，除了提高用水效率和鼓励节水生产以外，我们建议中国政府也应采用基于市场的水价制度。

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