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首页> 外文期刊>Water International >Policy Options to Improve Water Allocation Efficiency: Analysis on Egypt and Morocco
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Policy Options to Improve Water Allocation Efficiency: Analysis on Egypt and Morocco

机译：提高水资源分配效率的政策选择：对埃及和摩洛哥的分析

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摘要

Because of political risk, economic feasibility, and cultural concerns, it has been a great challenge for economists to provide palatable remedies to governments to promote water allocation efficiency. Considering the limitation of water pricing to irrigation water, this research addresses questions of which strategic policy alternatives to water pricing might improve irrigation water allocation efficiency. An empirical framework is provided to compare irrigation policies for allocating scarce water to agricultural production in Egypt ante Morocco. Partial-equilibrium agricultural sector models specific to Egypt and Morocco were employed for polity tests. Consumer and producer surplus from agricultural based commodities is maximized subject to various resources, technical, and policy constraints. Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) was used to calibrate the model. Water pricing policy, water complementary input factor tax policy, and output tax policy are testea using these two agricultural sector models. Results suggest that effective policy depends on the social, economic, and environmental contexts of specific regions. For countries like Egypt where most agricultural land is irrigated, taxes on Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and energy and output tax on water-intensive and low profit crop production may be more effective than others. For the Moroccan case, taxation on crop inputs and outputs not only affect water use in the public irrigation sector, but also private irrigation sector and rain-fed as a whole. Water pricing and output tax policies are better suited and effective than water complementary input factor taxation. Findings from Morocco might be generalized to other countries with similar irrigation characteristics and diversity in irrigated (public and private) and rain-fed land. The results for both countries demonstrate that some of the strategic irrigation policies can work towards directing cropping decisions to less water intensive crops and also generating revenues for governments in situations where governments choose not to price water.
机译：由于政治风险，经济可行性和文化问题，对于经济学家来说，向政府提供可口的补救措施以提高水资源分配效率一直是一个巨大的挑战。考虑到水价对灌溉水的局限性，本研究解决了哪些战略性水价替代政策可能会提高灌溉水分配效率的问题。提供了一个经验框架来比较在埃及和摩洛哥为农业生产分配稀缺水的灌溉政策。政治测试采用了埃及和摩洛哥特有的部分均衡农业部门模型。在各种资源，技术和政策约束下，来自农业商品的消费者和生产者剩余会最大化。使用正数学编程（PMP）来校准模型。使用这两种农业部门模型，水定价政策，水补充输入要素税政策和销项税政策就是证明。结果表明，有效的政策取决于特定地区的社会，经济和环境环境。对于像埃及这样的大多数农业土地都被灌溉的国家来说，氮肥和能源税以及耗水量大和低利润的农作物生产的销项税可能比其他国家更有效。就摩洛哥而言，对农作物的投入和产出征税不仅会影响公共灌溉部门的用水，而且还会影响私人灌溉部门和整个雨养。水价和销项税政策比水补充性投入要素税更适合和有效。摩洛哥的调查结果可能会推广到其他具有类似灌溉特征且灌溉（公共和私人）和雨养土地具有多样性的国家。两国的结果表明，一些战略性灌溉政策可有助于将作物的决策转向耗水量较小的作物，并在政府选择不对水定价的情况下为政府创造收入。

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