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Irrigation water demand and implications for groundwater pricing in Pakistan

机译：巴基斯坦的灌溉水需求及其对地下水价格的影响

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This study employs the positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach to estimate groundwater derived demand for irrigation using a cross-sectional dataset of 200 predominantly groundwater irrigated farms from the Punjab province of Pakistan. First, we find that the PMP optimal solution uses less water than what is available ( being extracted) in order to make farmers allocate all the available land to different crops. Second, when water supplies are constrained farmers allocate land to different crops based on their total returns, not on the irrigation water requirements. The study results suggest that the limiting/constraining groundwater extractions would induce farmers to reconsider their irrigation water demand. The study findings suggest an introduction of Rs. 0.04/m(3) of groundwater would not decrease farm income rather it would make farmers aware of the economic value of water. We suggest that although water pricing can induce an efficient use of groundwater extractions, additional policies are also required that improve irrigation water use efficiency.
机译：这项研究采用正面数学程序设计（PMP）方法，使用一个横截面数据集来估计地下水衍生的灌溉需求，该数据集来自巴基斯坦旁遮普省的200个主要是地下水灌溉农场。首先，我们发现PMP最佳解决方案使用的水比可用（提取）的水少，以便使农民将所有可用土地分配给不同的农作物。第二，当供水受到限制时，农民根据土地的总收益而不是根据灌溉水的需求分配土地给不同的农作物。研究结果表明，限制/限制地下水提取将促使农民重新考虑其灌溉用水需求。研究发现建议引入Rs。 0.04 / m（3）的地下水不会减少农场的收入，反而会使农民意识到水的经济价值。我们建议，尽管水价可以诱导有效利用地下水，但还需要其他政策来提高灌溉用水效率。

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