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首页> 外文期刊>Water Policy >Different Asias, same problems: negotiating the state-user interface in surface irrigation in China and India
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Different Asias, same problems: negotiating the state-user interface in surface irrigation in China and India

机译：不同的亚洲国家，存在相同的问题：在中国和印度谈判地表灌溉的国家用户界面

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摘要

This paper explores the dynamic interface of state-water users' relationships in large-scale surface irrigation in India and China, to inquire to what extent the issues encountered in large-scale irrigation management and governance are independent of regime characteristics. Though operating in very different overall political regimes, China and India exhibit strong similarities in the way a central state has attempted to relate with local water users, in the types of policy instruments deployed to shape that relationship, and in the problems encountered. Both China and India have a long history of state involvement in irrigation management. Both saw massive expansion after the late 1940s. The state then tried to extend its control in response to 'underutilisation' of the created infrastructure, revenue shortfalls and perceived inefficiencies and yield gaps. In recent decades the policy approaches have, at least rhetorically, emphasised water users' self-management and governance, including financial self-management/cost recovery. In both countries the instrument for this has been Water User Associations. Results have been mixed, to say the least, on all counts. Larger institutional and policy characteristics adhering to the problematic of the state-user interface subvert stated reform objectives.
机译：本文探讨了印度和中国大规模地表灌溉中国家-用水户关系的动态接口，以探究大规模灌溉管理和治理中遇到的问题在多大程度上与政权特征无关。尽管中国和印度在不同的总体政治体制中运作，但它们在中央政府试图与当地用水户建立联系的方式，为塑造这种关系而采用的政策工具类型以及所遇到的问题方面都表现出极大的相似性。中国和印度都有国家参与灌溉管理的悠久历史。双方都在1940年代后期开始大规模扩张。然后，该州试图扩展其控制权，以应对所创建基础设施的“未充分利用”，收入不足以及人们认为效率低下和产量差距大的问题。近几十年来，政策方法至少在措辞上强调了用水者的自我管理和治理，包括财务自我管理/成本回收。在这两个国家，水用户协会都是这样做的工具。至少可以说，结果是喜忧参半。坚持国家-用户界面问题的更大的制度和政策特征颠覆了既定的改革目标。

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