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Strengthening drought risk management and policy: UNESCO International Hydrological Programme's case studies from Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean

机译：加强干旱风险管理和政策：来自非洲，拉丁美洲和加勒比的教科文组织国际水文计划案例研究

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摘要

Droughts have resulted in significant socio-economic impacts in the regions of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), especially in developing countries. The main gaps to mitigate its effects, identified in both Africa and LAC regions, include a lack of human and institutional capacity, a lack of access to relevant early warning information for decision-making, the identification of vulnerable communities within the countries and the integration of these two components into drought management policies. UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP) has been providing support to enhance human capacity, policy guidance and tools to the countries to address drought-related challenges and this paper presents some examples. Through capacity building at regional institutions in Western, Eastern and Southern Africa, drought monitoring and early warning tools have been transferred and validated for inclusion into national climate risk management plans. In LAC, a drought atlas was produced to identify the frequency of meteorological droughts and the exposure of population to droughts. Also in LAC, national drought observatories were developed in two pilot countries, providing locally relevant and actionable drought monitoring and early warning information, socio-economic vulnerabilities and appropriate drought indicators for decision-making to strengthen current drought policies for these countries.
机译：干旱在非洲，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC），特别是在发展中国家，造成了重大的社会经济影响。在非洲和拉丁美洲和加勒比地区都发现了减轻其影响的主要差距，包括缺乏人力和机构能力，缺乏用于决策的相关预警信息，查明国家内部的脆弱社区以及一体化进程。这两个组成部分纳入干旱管理政策。教科文组织国际水文计划（UNESCO-IHP）一直在为各国提供能力支持，以提高其能力，政策指导和工具，以应对与干旱有关的挑战，本文提供了一些实例。通过西非，东部和南部非洲区域机构的能力建设，干旱监测和预警工具已经转移并经过验证，可以纳入国家气候风险管理计划。在拉丁美洲和加勒比，制作了干旱图集，以查明气象干旱的频度和人口遭受干旱的程度。同样在拉丁美洲和加勒比，在两个试点国家建立了国家干旱观测站，提供了与当地有关的可行的干旱监测和预警信息，社会经济脆弱性以及适当的干旱指标，以供决策，以加强这些国家目前的干旱政策。

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