Evolution of drought management policies and practices in the United States

Stakhiv Eugene Z.; Werick William; Brumbaugh Robert W.

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Evolution of drought management policies and practices in the United States

机译：美国干旱管理政策和实践的演变

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The evolution of United States (US) national and federal drought policies is examined, and the relative effectiveness of the hierarchy of federal, state and local drought management programs and practices is evaluated within the context of changing philosophies of water management. While there is no 'national' drought management policy, there is a strong federal policy that attempts to coordinate the management responses of numerous federal agencies. Drought and flood management comprise the key components of assuring national 'water security'. Early 20th century US water resources management was very effective in providing the essential prerequisites of 'water and economic security' through a rapid expansion ofwater storage capacity, flood control, hydropower, irrigation and conveyance facilities as the basis for a robust national economic development program. Increasing water supply capacity has proven to be the most effective strategic drought management option. Today, federal drought management policies and programs focus mainly on demand reduction strategies, buttressed by a powerful array of environmental regulatory programs that strive to attain sustainable resource use. Climate uncertainty will again require greater focus on supply-side options that increase water supply robustness and resilience, especially in the growing urban areas of the semi-arid west.

机译：研究了美国（美国）国家和联邦干旱政策的演变，并在不断变化的水资源管理理念的背景下评估了联邦，州和地方干旱管理计划和实践等级制度的相对有效性。尽管没有“国家”干旱管理政策，但有一项强有力的联邦政策试图协调众多联邦机构的管理对策。干旱和洪水管理是确保国家“水安全”的关键组成部分。 20世纪初，美国的水资源管理通过迅速扩大蓄水能力，防洪，水力发电，灌溉和输送设施，为健全的国民经济发展计划提供了基础，在提供“水和经济安全”的基本前提方面非常有效。事实证明，增加供水能力是最有效的战略干旱管理方案。如今，联邦干旱管理政策和计划主要集中于减少需求战略，并受到一系列旨在实现可持续资源利用的强大环境监管计划的支持。气候不确定性将再次要求更加侧重于提高水供应稳健性和适应能力的供应方选择，特别是在半干旱西部日益增长的城市地区。

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《Water Policy》 |2016年第2期|122-152|共31页
作者
Stakhiv Eugene Z.; Werick William; Brumbaugh Robert W.;
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作者单位

Johns Hopkins Univ, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA;

14508 Chesterfield Lane, Culpeper, VA 22701 USA;

US Army Inst Water Resources, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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关键词
Drought; US national drought management policy; Federal drought management; Water security;

机译：干旱;美国国家干旱管理政策;联邦干旱管理;水安全;

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7. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation31This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees in August 2001, the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in August 2001, and the European Society of Cardiology Board and Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences in August 2001.32When citing this document, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology would appreciate the following citation format: Fuster V, Rydén LE, Asinger RW, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Frye RL, Halperin JL, Kay GN, Klein WW, Lévy S, McNamara RL, Prystowsky EN, Wann LS, Wyse DG. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:XX-XX.33This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the American College of Cardiology (www.acc.org), the American Heart Association (www.americanheart.org), the European Society of Cardiology (www.escardio.org), and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (www.naspe.org). Single reprints of this document (the complete Guidelines) to be published in the mid-October issue of the European Heart Journal are available by calling +44.207.424.4200 or +44.207.424.4389, faxing +44.207.424.4433, or writing Harcourt Publishers Ltd, European Heart Journal, ESC Guidelines – Reprints, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BY, United Kingdom. Single reprints of the shorter version (Executive Summary and Summary of Recommendations) published in the October issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and the October issue of Circulation, are available for $5.00 each by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or by writing the Resource Center, American College of Cardiology, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. To purchase bulk reprints specify version and reprint number (Executive Summary 71-0208; full text 71-0209) up to 999 copies, call 800-611-6083 (US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 214-706-1466, fax 214-691-6342; or E-mail: pubauth@heart.org. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology [O] . Fuster Valentin, Rydén Lars E., Asinger Richard W., 2001

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Evolution of drought management policies and practices in the United States

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