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Institutional water reforms in Kenya: an analytical review

机译：肯尼亚的机构用水改革：分析性回顾

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摘要

This paper reviews institutional reforms in the Kenyan water sector and their effect on water access. Despite a long history of reforms, a large proportion of the population still lacks access to water. The review showed that reforms during the colonial period gave the colonial government full control of land and water to satisfy the imperial quest for plantation agriculture and further limited water access to the locals through legislative fiat. After independence, the reforms initiated under 'African Socialism' to enhance equity that was severely neglected during the colonial period were adversely affected by global financial crisis of the 1980s. Similarly, the global initiative to ensure 'water for all' by 1990 was affected by a similar crisis and the subsequent introduction of neo-liberal policies in the country. The most recent reforms (initiated in 2000) are meant to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The paper shows that by pegging its initiatives on global targets and foreign aid, Kenya has changed its policies and institutions to reflect the global trend several times. This has adversely affected the smooth continuity of policy process in the country.
机译：本文回顾了肯尼亚水务部门的机构改革及其对取水的影响。尽管改革历史悠久，但仍有很大一部分人口无法获得水。审查表明，殖民时期的改革使殖民政府完全控制了土地和水，以满足帝国对种植农业的追求，并进一步通过立法命令限制了当地人的用水。独立后，在“非洲社会主义”下发起的旨在增强平等的改革在1980年代受到全球金融危机的不利影响。同样，在1990年之前确保“全民用水”的全球倡议也受到了类似危机的影响，并随后对该国实行了新自由主义政策。最新的改革（于2000年启动）旨在减少贫困和促进可持续发展，以便在2015年前实现千年发展目标。该文件显示，肯尼亚通过将其全球目标和外国援助的举措与其他国家挂钩，从而改变了其政策和政策。机构多次反映全球趋势。这不利地影响了该国政策进程的顺利进行。

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