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Using watershed function as the leading indicator for water quality

机译：使用分水岭功能作为水质的领先指标

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摘要

Diffuse nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants, such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pathogens, have become the primary cause of water quality impairments in the United States of America. Resource management agencies in the USA are expanding the use of tools for the assessment of ecosystem function in water quality programs to control NPS pollution to meet US Clean Water Act objectives. Assessing the ecosystem function of upland and riparian areas provides the context for monitoring data that can improve the targeting of best management practices for NPS pollution, and be a leading (early) indicator for more timely decisions about aquatic habitat and water quality. Assessment of watershed function can be applied to prioritizing resources, developing indicators, monitoring aquatic habitat and water quality, and implementing adaptive management plans to restore degraded ecosystems that are producing NPS pollution. This paper presents three examples of progress in the insti-tutionalization of this approach to water quality programs for sustainable and healthy watersheds that affect federal, state, tribal, and private landowners. Future work should refine the approach by evaluating the benefits, costs, and effectiveness of the use of watershed function in water quality programs.
机译：扩散性非点源（NPS）污染物，例如沉积物，氮，磷和病原体，已成为美国水质受损的主要原因。美国的资源管理机构正在扩大在水质计划中评估生态系统功能的工具的使用，以控制NPS污染以满足美国《清洁水法》的目标。评估高地和河岸地区的生态系统功能可提供监测数据的背景，这些数据可改善针对NPS污染的最佳管理实践的目标，并成为领先的（早期）指标，可以更及时地决定水生生境和水质。流域功能评估可用于确定资源优先次序，制定指标，监测水生生境和水质以及实施适应性管理计划，以恢复正在产生NPS污染的退化生态系统。本文提供了三个示例，说明了这种方法对可持续，健康的流域的水质计划的制度化影响，这些影响了联邦，州，部落和私人土地所有者。未来的工作应通过评估水质计划中使用集水区功能的收益，成本和有效性来完善方法。

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