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首页> 外文期刊>Water Policy >Assessing access to safe water and monitoring progress on MDG7 target 10 (access to safe water and basic sanitation): Lessons from Kazakhstan
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Assessing access to safe water and monitoring progress on MDG7 target 10 (access to safe water and basic sanitation): Lessons from Kazakhstan

机译：评估获得安全水的机会并监测千年发展目标7目标10（获得安全水和基本卫生设施）的进展：哈萨克斯坦的经验教训

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摘要

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), designed to combat global poverty and hunger, protect the environment, improve health and sanitation and promote education and gender equality, were agreed at the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000. The importance of access to clean water in the overall MDG process has been highlighted and shown to contribute to all other goals and targets. Goal 7 target 10 aims to "halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation", compared with 1990. The aim of this MDG is clear and considered to be achievable in most countries. However, it is argued that the base data upon which the targets are set and against which progress will be measured can be problematic, partly because of reliance on poor government information and also on the apparent need of the UN to have a consistent base year and set of definitions across the world. In this paper, we report the findings of a major water and sanitation survey conducted in Kazakhstan designed specifically to quantify the current level of access, providing the base upon which to determine implementation priorities and against which to measure progress. As well as providing country-specific information the survey highlighted several important issues that have more general relevance. We raise three major questions associated with Target 10: how to define "access", how to define "improved source" or "improved sanitation" and whether 1990 is always an appropriate base year. Moreover, we argue that there is need to reconsider, the way progress is monitored and that the focus on global comparisons is detrimental to making real progress. In conclusion we argue that improving water supply and sanitation can be done in a way that is (1) appropriate for the country, (2) feasible (and fairly easy) to monitor progress and (3) more likely to be accepted by government as there is a sense of relevance.
机译：2000年9月的联合国千年首脑会议商定了旨在消除全球贫困和饥饿，保护环境，改善健康和卫生条件以及促进教育和性别平等的千年发展目标。整个MDG流程已得到强调，并显示出对所有其他目标和指标的贡献。目标7的目标10的目标是，到1990年，与1990年相比，“到2015年将无法持续获得安全饮用水和改善卫生条件的人口比例减少一半”。该千年发展目标的目标很明确，并且被认为是可以实现的。但是，有人认为，设定目标和衡量进展所依据的基础数据可能会出现问题，部分原因是依赖于不良的政府信息以及联合国显然需要有一个一致的基准年和世界各地的定义集。在本文中，我们报告了在哈萨克斯坦进行的一项重大水与卫生设施调查的结果，该调查旨在量化当前的获取水平，为确定实施重点和衡量进展提供依据。除了提供特定国家/地区的信息外，该调查还强调了一些具有更普遍意义的重要问题。我们提出与目标10相关的三个主要问题：如何定义“获取”，如何定义“改善的来源”或“改善的卫生条件”以及1990年是否始终是适当的基准年。此外，我们认为有必要重新考虑，监控进度的方式，并且将重点放在全局比较上不利于取得实际进展。总而言之，我们认为改善供水和环境卫生的方式可以是（1）适合该国，（2）可行（而且相当容易）以监控进度，并且（3）更可能被政府接受为有一种关联感。

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