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The multiple personalities of water conservation

机译：节水的多重个性

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"Water conservation" means different things to different people and the principles of depletion and diversion are often confounded and misconstrued, particularly when the different perceptions of the value of water and units of analysis are involved. Many public policies and public and private investments have been implemented in the name of conserving water, particularly in irrigated agriculture. Unfortunately, many of these policies and investments cannot make additional water available to new users owing to the nature of closed basin hydrology. The assumption that farmers are low-efficiency irrigators is used to justify transfer of income and wealth to agricultural water users and others through direct investments and cost sharing programs. Instead, these programs serve to sustain and increase consumptive use of water in agriculture and disrupt the existing hydrologic balance. In arid climates, where deficit irrigation is practiced, conventional water conservation measures such as drip irrigation often result in increased depletion at the individual farm level and less water available for other users.This paper discusses water conservation misconceptions, particularly those related to irrigated agriculture in the arid southwestern United States. Deficit irrigation is a common practice throughout the southwest, the region is experiencing rapid population growth and naturally limited water supplies have been exacerbated by current drought conditions. In this paper, the water conservation impacts of drip irrigation, irrigation scheduling and canal lining are discussed in the context of the hydrological assumptions that are used to promote these technologies. The potential of drip irrigation, irrigation scheduling and canal lining to sustain and increase crop evapotranspiration in deficit irrigation environments is illustrated.Given hydrologic conditions, the authors conclude that accurate basin-wide accounting of water use, including equitable distribution based on existing legal entitlements would significantly contribute to water conservation efforts.
机译：“节水”对不同的人意味着不同的事物，而且消耗和转移的原则经常被混淆和误解，特别是当涉及到对水的价值和分析单位的不同认识时。以节水为名，已经实施了许多公共政策以及公共和私人投资，特别是在灌溉农业中。不幸的是，由于封闭流域水文学的性质，许多这些政策和投资无法为新用户提供额外的水。农民是低效灌溉者的假设被用来证明通过直接投资和成本分担计划向农业用水者和其他人转移收入和财富是合理的。相反，这些计划有助于维持和增加农业用水，并破坏现有的水文平衡。在干旱的地方，如果进行亏水灌溉，常规的节水措施（如滴灌）通常会导致单个农场的耗水量增加，而其他用户的可用水却减少。本文讨论了节水的误解，尤其是与灌溉农业有关的误解。干旱的美国西南部。缺水灌溉是整个西南地区的普遍做法，该地区人口快速增长，当前的干旱条件加剧了自然有限的水供应。在本文中，在用于促进​​这些技术推广的水文假设的背景下，讨论了滴灌，灌溉调度和渠道衬砌对节水的影响。阐述了滴灌，灌溉调度和渠道衬砌在缺水灌溉环境下维持和增加作物蒸散的潜力。鉴于水文条件，作者得出结论，对流域范围内的用水进行准确的核算，包括根据现有法律权利进行公平分配极大地促进了节水工作。

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