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首页> 外文期刊>Water Policy >The economic impact of water taxes: a computable general equilibrium analysis with an international data set
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The economic impact of water taxes: a computable general equilibrium analysis with an international data set

机译：水税的经济影响：具有国际数据集的可计算一般均衡分析

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摘要

Water is scarce in many countries. One instrument for improving the allocation of a scarce resource is (efficient) pricing or taxation. However, water is implicitly traded on international markets, particularly through food and textiles, so that the impacts of water taxes cannot be studied in isolation, but require an analysis of international trade implications. We include water as a production factor in a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model (GTAP), to assess a series of water tax policies. We find that water taxes reduce water use and lead to shifts in production, consumption and international trade patterns. Countries that do not levy water taxes are nonetheless affected by other countries' taxes. Taxes on agricultural water use drive most of the economic and welfare impacts. Reductions in water use (welfare losses) are less (more) than linear with the price of water. The results are sensitive to the assumed ability to substitute other production factors for water. A water tax on production would have different effects on water use, production and trade patterns and the size and distribution of welfare losses than would a water tax on final consumption.
机译：许多国家缺水。改善稀缺资源分配的一种手段是（有效）定价或征税。但是，水是隐性地在国际市场上交易的，尤其是通过食品和纺织品，因此水税的影响不能孤立地研究，而需要对国际贸易的影响进行分析。我们将水作为生产要素纳入多区域，多部门的可计算一般均衡模型（GTAP）中，以评估一系列水税政策。我们发现水税减少了用水，并导致了生产，消费和国际贸易方式的转变。尽管如此，不征收水税的国家还是受到其他国家税收的影响。农业用水税对大多数经济和福利产生了影响。用水量的减少（福利损失）少于（更多）与水价成线性关系。结果对假定的用其他生产要素代替水的能力很敏感。与最终消费的水税相比，对产品的水税对用水，生产和贸易方式以及福利损失的规模和分布有不同的影响。

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