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首页> 外文期刊>Water Policy >Water availability, consumption and sufficiency in Himalayan towns: a case of Murree and Havellian towns from Indus River Basin, Pakistan
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Water availability, consumption and sufficiency in Himalayan towns: a case of Murree and Havellian towns from Indus River Basin, Pakistan

机译：喜马拉雅镇的水可用性，消费和充足：巴基斯坦梧桐河流域穆雷和哈夫利亚城镇的案例

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摘要

This study attempts to analyse the status of water availability, consumption and sufficiency in two Himalayan towns - Murree and Havellian from Pakistan's Indus Basin, using the primary data collected from 350 households, 26 town level focus groups and key informants. Findings revealed that groundwater is the main source of water on which around 85% of households are heavily dependent. Estimates of water availability, consumption and water sufficiency ratio (WSR) show that available groundwater is not sufficient (0.89) to meet the requirements for consumption in Havellian. However, in the case of Murree, available water is sufficient (1.92). Taking into account the national standards of water consumption, WSR estimates show that both towns have insufficient water availability (Murree: 0.68, Havellian: 0.50). There is evidence that in both towns, water is being mismanaged at household level. In addition, one-fifth of households reported that climate change has also affected the water availability in the towns over time. Factors such as rapid urbanization and population growth are likely to result in increased requirements of water in the future. Based on the findings, the study has suggested policy actions on protection, efficient use, diversification and governance of groundwater resources.
机译：本研究试图分析来自巴基斯坦的indus盆地的两个喜马拉雅镇的水可用性，消费和充足的地位，使用350户，26个城镇级焦点小组和主要信息人员所收集的主要数据。调查结果显示，地下水是大约85％的家庭的主要水源严重依赖。水可用性，消费和水资源充足率（WSR）的估计表明，可用地下水不足（0.89），以满足哈夫利安消费的要求。但是，在穆雷的情况下，可用的水就足够了（1.92）。考虑到国家水消耗标准，WSR估计表明，两镇都有空水不足（Murree：0.68，Havellian：0.50）。有证据表明，在两个城镇，水在家庭层面处于管理不定。此外，五分之一的家庭报道，气候变化也会影响城镇的水资源可用性。快速城市化和人口增长等因素可能导致未来水需求增加。根据调查结果，该研究提出了对地下水资源保护，有效利用，多样化和治理的政策行动。

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