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Arsenic contamination in water resources: mitigation and policy options

机译：水资源中的砷污染：缓解措施和政策选择

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Risk of arsenic contamination in water supplies continues to increase in many countries, especially inndeveloping nations. Its sources and effects are multiple and diffused in nature and it requires detailednassessment and policy. This paper discusses the global extent of the problem, its sources and effects andnexplores different policy options. Sources and pathways of interaction require comprehensive assessment andnpolicy. Innovation in low cost technologies offers possibilities for reducing abatement cost and for economicnefficiency. To reduce arsenic in water resources, incentive policies such as taxing and subsidizing can be used tonreduce arsenic levels in point sources through creation of appropriate incentives. The paper also identifiesnopportunities for enhancing self-protection efforts through education and information sharing. Under a self-nprotection policy, though the damages decline to a greater extent, there is a possibility of an increase in arsenicnemission. We propose a combination of policies that involve low cost technology, education and awareness tonmitigate the damage from arsenic contamination at a watershed scale. It is also necessary to enforce thesenpolicies through appropriate institutional changes that involve coordination and cooperative efforts to mitigatenarsenic contamination.
机译：在许多国家，特别是在发展中国家，供水中砷污染的风险继续增加。其来源和影响在本质上是多种多样且分散的，需要详细的审查和政策。本文讨论了问题的全球范围，问题的根源和影响，并探讨了不同的政策选择。互动的来源和途径需要全面的评估和政策。低成本技术的创新为降低减排成本和经济效益提供了可能性。为了减少水资源中的砷，可以采用税收和补贴等激励政策，通过建立适当的激励措施来降低点源中的砷含量。本文还指出了通过教育和信息共享来加强自我保护工作的机会。在自我保护政策下，尽管损害程度有所降低，但砷的排放仍可能增加。我们提出了一系列涉及低成本技术，教育和意识的政策，以在分水岭范围内减轻砷污染的损害。也有必要通过适当的体制变革来加强政策，这些体制变革需要通过协调和合作来减轻砷污染。

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