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Membrane desalination technologies in water treatment: A review

机译：膜脱盐技术在水处理中的应用

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摘要

One of the most pressing problems worldwide is inadequate access to potable water. Many technologies havebeen applied to address this through research to find robust but inexpensive methods of desalination that offerhigh fluxes and use less energy, while reducing chemical use and environmental impact. Membrane desalinationtechnology is universally considered to solve water shortage problems due to its high efficiency and lower energyconsumption than distillation methods. This review focuses on the desalination performance of membrane technologieswith consideration of the effect of driving force, potential technologies, membrane types, flux, energyconsumption and operating temperature, etc. Pressure driven membrane processes (MF, UF, NF, RO), and theirfouling propensity and major drawbacks are discussed briefly. Membrane characteristics and the effects of operatingconditions on desalination are also covered. Organic-hybrid and inorganic membrane materials can offeradvantages, with high flux, good selectivity, and useful chemical and thermal resistance.
机译：全世界最紧迫的问题之一是饮用水的获取不足。已经通过研究找到了鲁棒但廉价的脱盐方法，可以提供高通量且使用更少的能源，同时减少化学药品的使用和对环境的影响，因此许多技术已被应用来解决此问题。膜脱盐技术因其效率高，能耗比蒸馏法低而被普遍认为可解决缺水问题。这篇综述着重于膜技术的脱盐性能，并考虑了驱动力，潜在技术，膜类型，通量，能量消耗和工作温度等的影响。压力驱动的膜工艺（MF，UF，NF，RO）及其结垢倾向简要讨论了主要缺点。还涵盖了膜特性和操作条件对淡化的影响。有机混合和无机膜材料可以提供高通量，良好的选择性以及有用的耐化学性和耐热性的优点。

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