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Establishing minimum free chlorine residual concentration for microbial control in a municipal drinking water distribution system

机译：确定市政饮用水分配系统中微生物控制的最低游离氯残留浓度

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摘要

Distribution system data from a Nova Scotia municipal drinking water supply was collected over four years, including free chlorine residual concentration, heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria, and temperature. These data were analyzed for occurrences of HPC bacteria greater than 500 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The municipality was interested in determining if secondary chlorination practices were sufficient in maintaining microbial health in their distribution system. Coliform data were non-detect (total coliforms and E scherichia coli ) in the distribution system over this period and thus heterotrophic bacteria were used to assess microbial health. Results were compared to similar data collected from pilot-scale studies that had been carried out using the same municipal water as the source. Analysis showed that a similar trend was observed between pilot- and full-scale samples. Full-scale data analysis revealed that the minimum disinfection requirement of 0.2 mg/L did not consistently control occurrences of heterotrophic bacteria from being greater than 500 CFU/mL. By comparison, maintaining a concentration of 0.3 mg/L or above, particularly in warm-weather systems, maintained the number of heterotrophic bacteria at below 500 CFU/mL. Fortunately the majority of samples collected in the full-scale distribution system (>89%) had a free chlorine residual concentration of greater than 0.30 mg/L. While it is recognized that this system had 100% compliance for E. coli , the goal of this work will help utilities understand how to utilize microbial data to inform operational disinfection targets for their distribution system.
机译：四年来收集了来自新斯科舍省市政供水系统的分配系统数据，包括游离氯残留浓度，异养菌盘数（HPC）细菌和温度。分析这些数据的HPC细菌大于500个菌落形成单位（CFU）/ mL的发生率。市政当局有兴趣确定二次氯化方法是否足以维持其分配系统中的微生物健康。在此期间，未检测到大肠菌群数据（大肠菌群和大肠杆菌总数），因此使用异养细菌评估微生物的健康状况。将结果与使用相同市政水作为水源进行的中试规模研究收集的类似数据进行比较。分析表明，在中试样品和满量程样品之间观察到了类似的趋势。全面数据分析显示，最低消毒要求为0.2 mg / L不能始终控制异养细菌的发生，使其高于500 CFU / mL。相比之下，保持浓度在0.3 mg / L或更高，尤其是在温暖的天气系统中，可使异养细菌的数量保持在500 CFU / mL以下。幸运的是，在全尺寸分配系统中收集的大多数样品（> 89％）的游离氯残留浓度均大于0.30 mg / L。尽管人们公认该系统对大肠杆菌具有100％的依从性，但这项工作的目标将是帮助公用事业公司了解如何利用微生物数据为配电系统提供操作性消毒指标。

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