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Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: Review of worldwide outbreaks - An update 2004-2010

机译：原生动物寄生虫的水传播：全球疫情回顾-2004-2010年最新情况

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摘要

The present update gives a comprehensive review of worldwide waterborne parasitic protozoan outbreaks that occurred and were published globally between January 2004 and December 2010. At least one hundred and ninety-nine outbreaks of human diseases due to the waterborne transmission of parasitic protozoa occurred and were reported during the time period from 2004 to 2010. 46.7% of the documented outbreaks occurred on the Australian continent, 30.6% in North America and 16.5% in Europe. Cryptosporidium spp. was the etiological agent in 60.3% (120) of the outbreaks, Giardia lamblia in 35.2% (70) and other protozoa in 4.5% (9). Four outbreaks (2%) were caused by Toxoplasma gondii, three (1.5%) by Cyclospora cayetanensis. In two outbreaks (1%) Acanthamoeba spp. was identified as the causative agent. In one outbreak, G. lamblia (in 17.6% of stool samples) and Cryptosporidium paruum (in 2.7% of stool samples) as well as Entamoeba histolytica (in 9.4% of stool samples) and Blastocystis hominis (in 8.1% of stool samples) were detected. In those countries that are likely affected most a lack of surveillance systems is noticeable. However, countries that established surveillance systems did not establish an international standardization of reporting systems.
机译：本更新对2004年1月至2010年全球范围内发生并已公布的全球水生寄生虫原虫暴发进行了全面回顾。由于水生寄生虫原虫传播，至少发生了109例人类疾病暴发并据报道。在2004年至2010年期间，有记录的暴发在澳大利亚大陆发生，占46.7％，在北美占30.6％，在欧洲占16.5％。隐孢子虫在60.3％（120）的暴发中是病原体，兰氏贾第鞭毛虫在35.2％（70）中，其他原生动物在4.5％（9）中。刚地弓形虫引起四次暴发（2％），cayetanensis环孢菌引起三起（1.5％）。在两次暴发中（1％）棘阿米巴菌。被确定为病原体。在一次疫情中，兰氏乳杆菌（占粪便样本的17.6％）和隐孢子虫（占粪便样本的2.7％）以及溶组织变形杆菌（占粪便样本的9.4％）和人乳杆菌（占粪便样本的8.1％）被检测到。在那些受影响最大的国家中，明显缺乏监视系统。但是，建立了监视系统的国家并未建立报告系统的国际标准化。

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