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Moving from Resource Development to Resource Management: Problems, Prospects and Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Groundwater Management in Bangladesh

机译：从资源开发转向资源管理：孟加拉国可持续地下水管理的问题，前景和政策建议

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摘要

Increased groundwater accessibility resulting from the expansion of deep and shallow tube wells helped Bangladesh attain near self-sufficiency in rice, with national output increasing over 15 million tons in the last two decades. However, problems associated with the excessive exploitation of groundwater notably declining water tables, deteriorating water quality, increasing energy costs and carbon emissions are threatening the sustainability of Bangladesh’s groundwater irrigated economy. The forefront challenge, therefore, is to shift the focus from development to management of this precious resource. To ease out pressure on groundwater resources, attention must be diverted to further develop surface water resources. In addition to increasing supplies, water demand also need to be curtailed by increasing water use efficiency through the adoption of water conserving practices such as reduced tillage, raised bed planting, and the right choices of crops. Decreasing water availability both in terms of quantity and quality suggest that the unchecked expansion of dry season boro rice cultivation may not be a long-term option for Bangladesh. Therefore less thirsty wheat and maize crops may be promoted as feasible alternatives to boro. In addition to technical solutions, strong linkage between different institutions will be needed to evaluation strategic options and effective implementation of national policies for the management of groundwater resources.
机译：由于深，浅管井的扩大而增加了地下水的可及性，帮助孟加拉国实现了稻米的近乎自给自足，在过去的二十年中，该国的产量增加了1500万吨。但是，与过度开采地下水有关的问题尤其是地下水位下降，水质恶化，能源成本增加和碳排放量正在威胁孟加拉国地下水灌溉经济的可持续性。因此，最重要的挑战是将重点从开发转移到管理这种宝贵的资源。为了减轻对地下水资源的压力，必须将注意力转移到进一步开发地表水资源上。除了增加供水量外，还需要通过采取节水措施（例如减少耕种，增加床铺种植和正确选择农作物）来提高用水效率，从而减少需水量。无论是从数量上还是在质量上，水供应的减少都表明，旱季硼水稻种植的无节制扩张可能不是孟加拉国的长期选择。因此，可促进口渴的小麦和玉米作物作为硼的可行替代品。除技术解决方案外，还需要不同机构之间的强有力联系，以评估战略选择和有效执行管理地下水资源的国家政策。

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