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Processes Influencing Groundwater Level and the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface in a Coastal Aquifer

机译：沿海含水层中影响地下水位和淡水-盐水界面的过程

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Few studies have focused on the relationship between the various causes of groundwater level fluctuations and the seawater intrusion process, due to the complexity of this relationship, being the aim of this paper. Piezometric fluctuations in coastal aquifers are determined by a number of processes and their characterization depends on the complexity of the aquifer stratigraphy, as well as many other hydro-dynamic factors. The precipitation regime, tides, wave setup and storm surges, as well as atmospheric pressure are the most relevant of these processes. By means of a series of observations made at an experimental site in south-eastern Spain, this study demonstrates the complexity of water table fluctuations in coastal zones. The study employed two piezometers situated very close to the shoreline, excavated in detritic deposits with highly variable hydraulic conductivity (semi-confined aquifer). Continuous measurements were taken of hydraulic head, tide height, electrical conductivity and water temperature. The study concludes that precipitation has the greatest effect on piezometric level, followed by atmospheric pressure and wave action, while the semi-diurnal and fortnightly tidal cycles caused variations of smaller amplitude in the piezometric logs. All these oscillations affect the position of the fresh water-seawater interface. The attenuation of the tidal amplitude observed at the two monitoring points was lower than the value calculated using analytical solutions, and this is due to the semi-confined nature of the aquifer. The calculated tidal efficiency is around 0.4-0.5, giving a t_(lag) of about 3 h, with a 10-15 min delay between monitoring boreholes, P-II and PI. We also identified that the response of water conductivity and temperature to tidal cycles is not synchronized with the variations in the piezometric level influenced by tidal fluctuations.
机译：由于这种关系的复杂性，很少有研究关注地下水位波动的各种原因与海水入侵过程之间的关系，这是本文的目的。沿海含水层的压差波动是由许多过程决定的，其特征取决于含水层地层的复杂性以及许多其他流体动力因素。这些过程中最重要的是降水状况，潮汐，波浪形成和风暴潮以及大气压力。通过在西班牙东南部的一个实验点进行的一系列观察，该研究证明了沿海地区地下水位波动的复杂性。这项研究使用了两个非常接近海岸线的压力计，这些压力计是在具有高度可变的水力传导率（半封闭含水层）的碎屑沉积物中开挖的。连续测量液压头，潮汐高度，电导率和水温。研究得出的结论是，降水对测压水平影响最大，其次是大气压力和波浪作用，而半日和每两周的潮汐周期使测压记录的振幅减小。所有这些振荡影响淡水-海水界面的位置。在两个监测点处观察到的潮汐振幅衰减低于使用解析解计算的值，这是由于含水层的半封闭性质所致。计算得出的潮汐效率约为0.4-0.5，t_（滞后）约为3小时，监测钻孔P-II和PI之间会有10-15分钟的延迟。我们还确定了水的电导率和温度对潮汐循环的响应与潮汐波动影响的测压水平的变化不同步。

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