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Spatial and Temporal Variabilities of Sediment Delivery Ratio

机译：泥沙输送比的时空变化

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摘要

Sediment contribution of specific areas of a watershed is an important consideration, but one that is often overlooked, when developing watershed management plans. Understanding sediment delivery to the watershed outlet is one method for identifying high contribution areas. In this study, a new methodology for calculating individual subbasin sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was developed within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for two Michigan watersheds. Subbasins with the greatest SDR had two defining characteristics: high erosion rates and close proximity to the watershed outlet. The impact of best management practice (BMP) implementation (no-tillage and Conservation Reserve Program) on sediment yield reduction at the watershed outlet was compared for two targeting methods (SDR and erosion rate). Identifying SDR of individual subbasins for implementation of BMPs is more effective method for addressing water quality concerns at the watershed outlet than the widely used targeting high risk erosion areas. Watershed SDR was found to be highly variable on a monthly basis, due to changes in sediment yield, which is in turn affected by factors such as precipitation and surface runoff. Finally, watershed SDR calculated using the physically-based SWAT model was compared to four empirically-based areal relationships with SDR. While some area methods reproduced the SWAT-SDR, the variations between areal methods indicate that more detailed physical characteristics should be considered in watershed SDR calculation.
机译：分水岭特定区域的沉积物贡献是一个重要的考虑因素，但是在制定分水岭管理计划时，这一点经常被忽略。了解沉积物向流域出口的输送是确定高贡献区的一种方法。在这项研究中，在土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）中为两个密歇根州的分水岭开发了一种用于计算单个子盆地沉积物输送比（SDR）的新方法。具有最高SDR的子盆地具有两个定义特征：高侵蚀率和紧邻流域出口。比较了两种管理方法（特别提款权和侵蚀率）对最佳管理实践（BMP）实施（免耕和保护储备计划）对流域出口沉积物减产的影响。与针对高风险侵蚀区域的广泛使用相比，识别单个子盆地的SDR以实施BMP是解决流域出口水质问题的更有效方法。由于沉积物产量的变化，发现流域SDR每月变化很大，而沉积物产量的变化又受降水和地表径流等因素的影响。最后，将使用基于物理的SWAT模型计算的分水岭SDR与基于SDR的四个基于经验的面积关系进行了比较。虽然某些区域方法复制了SWAT-SDR，但面积方法之间的差异表明，在分水岭SDR计算中应考虑更详细的物理特征。

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