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首页> 外文期刊>Water Resources Management >Increase of River Base Flow by Hydropower Gate Operation for Mitigation of CSO Impacts - Potential and Limitations
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Increase of River Base Flow by Hydropower Gate Operation for Mitigation of CSO Impacts - Potential and Limitations

机译：通过水力闸门操作增加河基流量，以减轻CSO的影响-潜力和局限性

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In this paper the measure of increased river base flow is developed and evaluated. Aim is the temporal increase of flow in manmade low flow stretches for sufficient dilution of downstream acute pollution introduced by combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The increase of flow is done by operating upstream located retaining structures such as hydropower intakes. For implementation both energy producers and municipalities are required to cooperate. Thus the measure fits into a core aim of the Water Framework Directive of having basin wide approaches for improvements. Technically the focus of the measure is clearly on the mitigation of acute pollution, not addressing delayed or accumulate pollutants. The framework and implications are discussed for having an appropriate real time control (RTC) concept based on model based predictive control (MBPC). A specially development algorithm for the operation is presented and subsequently tested off-line with a semi-virtual catchment. The boundary conditions of the catchment are varied with regard to the connected catchment size, the river connected and the pollutant concentration originating from the catchment. Based on these scenarios and a review on uncertainties in rain forecasts, limits for the measure are derived. Costs for the measure were estimated as equivalent cost due to losses in energy production. It is shown that not only the costs for annual spilled water are to be considered but as well peak flows generated in the river system. The increase of CSO volume as an alternative measure was not found to be a suitable measure, leading to unrealistic high volumes and consequently to exorbitant costs.
机译：本文提出并评估了增加河基流量的措施。目的是在人为的低流量河段中随时间增加流量，以充分稀释下水道溢流（CSO）带来的下游急性污染。流量的增加是通过操作上游的固定结构（例如水力发电站）来实现的。为了实施，要求能源生产商和市政当局合作。因此，该措施符合《水框架指令》的核心目标，即采用全流域改进方法。从技术上讲，该措施的重点显然是减轻急性污染，而不是解决延迟或累积的污染物。讨论了基于基于模型的预测控制（MBPC）具有适当的实时控制（RTC）概念的框架和含义。提出了一种针对该操作的专门开发算法，并随后在半虚拟集水区进行了离线测试。集水区的边界条件随连接的集水区大小，连接的河流和源自集水区的污染物浓度而变化。基于这些情况以及对降雨预报不确定性的审查，得出了该措施的限制。由于能源生产的损失，该措施的成本估计为等价成本。结果表明，不仅要考虑每年溢水的成本，而且还要考虑河流系统中产生的峰值流量。没有发现增加CSO量作为一种替代措施是一种合适的措施，从而导致不切实际的高额交易量，从而导致高昂的成本。

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