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首页> 外文期刊>Water Resources Management >Planning and Design of Cost-effective Water Harvesting Structures for Efficient Utilization of Scarce Water Resources in Semi-arid Regions of Rajasthan, India
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Planning and Design of Cost-effective Water Harvesting Structures for Efficient Utilization of Scarce Water Resources in Semi-arid Regions of Rajasthan, India

机译：印度拉贾斯坦邦半干旱地区高效利用稀缺水资源的集水结构的规划设计

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摘要

Water-harvesting structures have the potential to increase the productivity of arable lands by enhancing crop yields and by reducing the risk of crop failure in arid and semi-arid regions, where water shortages are common because of scanty rainfall and its uneven distribution. In semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, India, existing practice of harvesting rainwater is through anicut and earthen embankments. Because of higher costs and higher technical skills involved in the construction of these structures, these structures have not been accepted by the resource-poor local people. Therefore, in the present paper, the detailed design of some low-cost water-harvesting structures using locally available materials and adaptable to the socio-economic conditions of the beneficiaries is discussed. Two types of cost-effective water-harvesting structures, which include dry stone masonry and upstream-wall cement masonry of heights 1, 2, and 2.5 m for catchments of less than 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 30 ha, respectively are proposed and designed. The analysis of costs involved in constructing dry stone masonry and upstream-wall cement masonry water-harvesting structures, emergency spillway, anicuts and earthen embankments revealed that the earthen embankments have the least cost of construction whereas the anicuts have the highest construction costs for all the selected heights. However, based on the past experiences, earthen embankments are not suitable for the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. The economic evaluation of the proposed structures indicated that the dry stone masonry structures are very cost-effective for the region with a benefit-cost ratio of 3.5:1 and the net present worth value of Rs. 102978. Although the economic indicators ranked the upstream-wall cement masonry structures lower than the dry stone masonry structures, the former has greater stability and strength compared to the latter. In practice, both the cost-effective water-harvesting structures (i.e., dry stone masonry and upstream-wall cement masonry) are gaining wide acceptance and popularity in the region through some nongovernmental organizations, which have adopted the design presented in this paper.
机译：集水结构有潜力通过提高作物产量并减少干旱和半干旱地区的作物歉收风险来提高耕地的生产力，在干旱和半干旱地区，由于降雨少且分布不均，缺水现象普遍存在。在印度拉贾斯坦邦的半干旱地区，现有的收集雨水的做法是通过anicut和土路堤。由于这些结构的建造涉及较高的成本和更高的技术技能，因此资源贫乏的当地人尚未接受这些结构。因此，在本文中，将讨论使用当地可用的材料并适应受益人的社会经济条件的一些低成本集水结构的详细设计。两种成本效益高的集水结构分别是干石砌体和高度分别为10、10至20和20至30公顷的1、2和2.5 m高度的上游墙水泥砌体。建议和设计。对建造干砌石和上游墙水泥砌筑集水结构，应急溢洪道，anicuts和土堤的成本进行分析后发现，土堤的建造成本最低，而anicuts在所有建筑物中的建造成本最高。选定的高度。但是，根据过去的经验，土质路堤不适合拉贾斯坦邦的半干旱地区。对拟建结构的经济评估表明，干石砌结构在该地区具有很高的成本效益，效益成本比为3.5：1，净现值为Rs。 102978.尽管经济指标将上游墙水泥砌筑结构列为比干石砌筑结构低，但与后者相比，前者具有更大的稳定性和强度。在实践中，具有成本效益的集水结构（即干石砌筑和上游墙水泥砌筑）都通过一些非政府组织在该地区获得了广泛的接受和欢迎，它们已经采用了本文提出的设计。

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