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Noble gas signatures in the Island of Maui, Hawaii: Characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems

机译：夏威夷毛伊岛上的稀有气体特征：描述裂缝系统中的地下水源

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Uneven distribution of rainfall and freshwater scarcity in populated areas in the Island of Maui, Hawaii, renders water resources management a challenge in this complex and ill-defined hydrological system. A previous study in the Galapagos Islands suggests that noble gas temperatures (NGTs) record seasonality in that fractured, rapid infiltration groundwater system rather than the commonly observed mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in sedimentary systems where infiltration is slower thus, providing information on recharge sources and potential flow paths. Here we report noble gas results from the basal aquifer, springs, and rainwater in Maui to explore the potential for noble gases in characterizing this type of complex fractured hydrologic systems. Most samples display a mass-dependent depletion pattern with respect to surface conditions consistent with previous observations both in the Galapagos Islands and Michigan rainwater. Basal aquifer and rainwater noble gas patterns are similar and suggest direct, fast recharge from precipitation to the basal aquifer. In contrast, multiple springs, representative of perched aquifers, display highly variable noble gas concentrations suggesting recharge from a variety of sources. The distinct noble gas patterns for the basal aquifer and springs suggest that basal and perched aquifers are separate entities. Maui rainwater displays high apparent NGTs, incompatible with surface conditions, pointing either to an origin at high altitudes with the presence of ice or an ice-like source of undetermined origin. Overall, noble gas signatures in Maui reflect the source of recharge rather than the expected altitude/temperature relationship commonly observed in sedimentary systems.
机译：夏威夷毛伊岛人口稠密地区的降雨和淡水稀少分布不均，使水资源管理成为这一复杂而不确定的水文系统的挑战。之前在加拉巴哥群岛上进行的一项研究表明，稀有气体温度（NGTs）在破裂，快速渗透的地下水系统中记录了季节性，而不是在渗透速度较慢的沉积系统中通常观察到的年平均气温（MAAT），从而提供了补给信息。源和潜在的流动路径。在这里，我们报告了毛伊岛基础含水层，泉水和雨水中的稀有气体结果，以探讨稀有气体在表征这类复杂裂缝性水文系统中的潜力。大多数样品在表面条件方面表现出与质量有关的消耗模式，这与先前在加拉帕戈斯群岛和密歇根州雨水中的观测结果一致。基底含水层和雨水稀有气体的模式相似，表明从降水到基底含水层的直接，快速补给。相反，代表栖息含水层的多个弹簧显示出高度可变的稀有气体浓度，表明来自各种来源的补给。基底含水层和泉水的稀有气体形态不同，表明基底含水层和栖息含水层是独立的实体。毛伊岛的雨水显示出很高的表观NGT，与地表条件不相容，指向高海拔的原点，有冰存在，或指向类似冰原的来源不明。总体而言，毛伊岛的稀有气体特征反映的是补给的来源，而不是沉积系统中通常观察到的预期高度/温度关系。

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