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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Potential groundwater age tracer found: Halon-1301 (CF_3Br), as previously identified as CFC-13 (CF_3Cl)
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Potential groundwater age tracer found: Halon-1301 (CF_3Br), as previously identified as CFC-13 (CF_3Cl)

机译：发现了潜在的地下水年龄示踪剂：哈龙-1301（CF_3Br），以前被标识为CFC-13（CF_3Cl）

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Groundwater dating using anthropogenic and natural tracer substances is a powerful tool for understanding groundwater dynamics for improved management of groundwater resources. Due to limitations in individual dating methods, often multiple tracers are used to reduce ambiguities. It is commonly accepted that there is a need for further complementary age tracers, in addition to current ones (e.g., tritium, SF_6, and CFCs). We propose a potential new groundwater age tracer, Halon-1301 (CF_3Br), which can easily be determined using gas chromatography with an attached electron capture detector (GC/ECD) developed by Busenberg and Plummer (2008). Its peak was noted by Busenberg and Plummer (2008), but they believed it to be CFC-13 (CF_3Cl) at that time. We performed rigorous tests on gases containing or excluding Halon-1301 and CFC-13 and modern water samples and concluded that the two compounds have extremely similar retention times. Additionally, we found that the ECD response of CFC-13 is far too low to be detected in groundwater or air using standard volumes and sampling techniques. However, the peak areas and concentrations Busenberg and Plummer (2008) reported are in line with what would be expected for Halon-1301. Thus, we are confident that the peak formerly identified as CFC-13 is actually Halon-1301. Busenberg agrees with our findings. We further suggest that Halon-1301 has potential as a (complementary) age tracer, due to its established atmospheric history, and could hypothetically be used to date groundwater recharged in the 1970s or onward. We discuss known relevant properties, such as solubility and stability of Halon-1301 in the context of how these effect its potential application as a groundwater age tracer. Some open questions remain concerning how conservative Halon-1301 is-is it subject to degradation, retardation, and/or local contamination in groundwater. We are confident that Halon-1301 possesses important tracer relevant properties, but further work is required to fully assess its applicability and reliability as a groundwater age tracer in different groundwater environments.
机译：使用人为和天然示踪剂对地下水进行测年是了解地下水动态以改善地下水资源管理的有力工具。由于个别约会方法的局限性，通常使用多个追踪器来减少歧义。普遍接受的是，除了当前的示踪剂（例如tri，SF_6和CFC）之外，还需要其他补充的年龄示踪剂。我们提出了一种潜在的新型地下水年龄示踪剂，Halon-1301（CF_3Br），可以使用由Busenberg和Plummer（2008）开发的带有附加电子捕获检测器（GC / ECD）的气相色谱法轻松确定。 Busenberg和Plummer（2008）注意到了它的峰值，但是他们当时认为它是CFC-13（CF_3Cl）。我们对包含或不包含Halon-1301和CFC-13的气体以及现代水样品进行了严格的测试，得出的结论是两种化合物的保留时间极为相似。此外，我们发现CFC-13的ECD响应非常低，无法使用标准体积和采样技术在地下水或空气中检测到。但是，Busenberg和Plummer（2008）报告的峰面积和浓度与Halon-1301的预期一致。因此，我们有信心以前确定为CFC-13的峰实际上是Halon-1301。布森伯格同意我们的发现。我们还建议，由于其历史悠久的大气历史，Halon-1301具有作为（互补）年龄示踪剂的潜力，并且可以假设用来对1970年代或以后的地下水进行补给。我们将讨论相关的已知特性，例如Halon-1301的溶解度和稳定性，这些特性如何影响其作为地下水年龄示踪剂的潜在应用。关于Halon-1301的保守程度，仍然存在一些悬而未决的问题-它会受到地下水的降解，延缓和/或局部污染。我们相信Halon-1301具有重要的示踪剂相关性能，但需要作进一步的工作以充分评估其在不同地下水环境中作为地下水年龄示踪剂的适用性和可靠性。

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  • 来源
    《Water resources research》 |2014年第9期|7318-7331|共14页
  • 作者

    Monique Beyer; Rob van der Raaij; Uwe Morgenstern; Bethanna Jackson;

  • 作者单位

    School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand ,Department of Hydrogeology, GNS Science, Wellington, New Zealand;

    Department of Hydrogeology, GNS Science, Wellington, New Zealand;

    Department of Hydrogeology, GNS Science, Wellington, New Zealand;

    School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;

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