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Conditional Causal Mediation Analysis of Factors Associated With Cover Crop Adoption in Iowa, USA

机译：美国衣阿华州与耕作作物采用相关因素的条件因果中介分析

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摘要

The Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy is a statewide effort that aims to encourage voluntary adoption of conservation practices by farmers to reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus that contribute to water quality impairments in the Upper Midwest and drive hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. This work is an analysis of the first 2years (2015-2016) of a 5-year survey of Iowa farmers. We employ causal mediation analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of key explanatory variables (e.g., information sources, nutrient management influences, involvement in watershed management activities, and conservation technical assistance) and two causally ordered mediators (farmers' awareness of and attitudes toward the Nutrient Reduction Strategy) on cover crop use. Results showed that participation in watershed activities and receipt of cost share or technical assistance had positive direct effects on cover crop use, while low levels of perceived nutrient loss mitigation self-efficacy had a negative direct effect. Information and influence of public sector soil and water conservation entities had positive indirect effects on cover crop use through awareness and attitudes, while influence of private sector agribusiness entities had negative indirect effects through those mediators. These results suggest that current strategies such as engaging farmers in watershed management activities and public sector cost share and technical assistance are increasing adoption of cover crops, but the data also point to a need to increase engagement with private sector actors to help them improve their effectiveness as conservation technical assistance providers.
机译：爱荷华州减少营养素战略是一项全州性的努力，旨在鼓励农民自愿采取保护措施，以减少造成中西部上水水质受损并推动墨西哥湾缺氧状况的氮和磷的流失。这项工作是对爱荷华州农民进行的为期5年的调查的前两年（2015-2016年）的分析。我们使用因果中介分析来研究关键解释变量（例如，信息源，养分管理的影响，参与流域管理活动和保护技术援助）和两个因果有序的中介（农民对问题的认识和态度）的直接和间接影响。减少营养）。结果表明，参与分水岭活动和获得成本分摊或技术援助对覆盖作物的使用具有积极的直接影响，而降低营养素缓解自我效能的感知水平低则具有负面的直接影响。公共部门水土保持实体的信息和影响通过认识和态度对覆盖作物的使用产生了积极的间接影响，而私营农业综合企业实体的影响则通过这些中介产生了间接影响。这些结果表明，当前的战略（例如，使农民参与流域管理活动，公共部门成本分摊和技术援助）正在增加采用遮盖作物的方法，但数据还表明需要加强与私营部门行为者的互动，以帮助他们提高其有效性作为保护技术援助提供者。

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